词条 | HMS Protector (A146) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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HMS Protector was an Antarctic patrol vessel of the Royal Navy between 1955 and 1968. She was built in 1935. Construction and designProtector was laid down as a fast net layer by Yarrow Shipbuilders at their Scotstoun, Glasgow shipyard on 15 August 1935, launched on 20 August 1936 and was completed in December 1936.[1] She was commissioned on 30 December 1936.[2] Her design was based on that of {{HMS|Guardian|1932|6}}, built in 1932, but with more powerful machinery and improved equipment for handling nets.[1][3]Protector was {{convert|338|ft|m}} long overall and {{convert|310|ft|m}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|53|ft|m}} and a draught of {{convert|13|ft|9|in}} at deep load.[3][1] Displacement was {{convert|2820|LT|t}} standard and {{convert|3610|LT|t}} deep load. Two Admiralty three-drum boilers fed steam to Parsons geared steam turbines, which drove two propeller shafts. The ship's machinery was rated at {{convert|9000|shp}}, giving a speed of {{convert|20|kn|mph km/h}}.[3] The turbines were replaced in 1945 by British Thompson-Houston geared turbines.[4]The ship was initially armed with a single QF 4-inch (102 mm) naval gun Mk V gun on a low-angle mounting aft, with this was later replaced by a twin QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XVI anti-aircraft mount, while seven 20 mm Oerlikon cannon were added to provide a close-in anti aircraft defence. The ship had a crew of 190.[3] ModificationsProtector was modified in 1955 for service as a guardship for the Falkland Islands Dependencies and a survey vessel for Antarctic waters. The twin 4-inch gun mount was moved to a forward position, allowing a flight deck and hangar for a helicopter to be fitted aft, while the close-in armament was reduced to four 20 mm cannon (with four 3-pounder saluting guns also carried). The ship's bridge was enclosed and the hull ice strengthened. A further refit in 1957 saw Protector{{'}}s bridge remodelled, while in 1958 a tripod mainmast was mounted on the ship's hangar, and a crane was fitted.[4]ServiceProtector was listed as part of the Mediterranean Fleet in February 1939,[5] and remained part of the Mediterranean Fleet in August, on the eve of the outbreak of the Second World War.[6]Protector served in the South Atlantic and in the Norwegian Campaign during World War II before being hit by an aerial torpedo in the Mediterranean. She was towed to Bombay and repaired before returning to Britain after the end of hostilities. In 1953, the ship took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.[7] After time in the fleet reserve as a training ship, Protector was refitted as an ice patrol ship in Devonport, with a rudimentary hangar and flight deck for two Westland Whirlwind helicopters. She made her first Antarctic patrol in the winter of 1955/56, serving the Falkland Islands and the British Antarctic Survey bases. She returned to the Antarctic 13 more times in her career. During her patrols the ship rescued the passengers and crew of the icebound MV Theron, including Sir Edmund Hillary and Dr Vivian Fuchs.[8] In 1957, Protector rescued the passengers of the {{ship|RRS|Shackleton}}, which had struck an iceberg and had to perform emergency repairs to keep from sinking.[9] Protector was sold for scrap at Inverkeithing on 10 February 1970. She was replaced by {{HMS|Endurance|1967|6}}. References1. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Blackman|1953|p=56}} 2. ^{{cite magazine|title=Protector. (Dev.) Netlayer |work=The Navy List |date=February 1939 |page=274 |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/92653782 |accessdate=16 March 2019 |via=National Library of Scotland}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Chesneau|1980|p=79}} 4. ^1 {{Harvnb|Blackman|1960|p=39}} 5. ^{{cite magazine|title=VI.—Mediterranean |work=The Navy List |date=February 1939 |page=206 |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/92652966 |accessdate=16 March 2019 |via=National Library of Scotland}} 6. ^{{cite magazine|title=VI.—Mediterranean |work=The Navy List |date=September 1939 |page=246 |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/92718298 |accessdate=16 March 2019 |via=National Library of Scotland}} 7. ^Souvenir Programme, Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15th June 1953, HMSO, Gale and Polden 8. ^{{cite web| url=http://khdutilities.co.uk/protector/pages/the-ships-history.php| title=HMS Protector Association| accessdate=28 September 2013| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605060615/http://khdutilities.co.uk/protector/pages/the-ships-history.php| archivedate=5 June 2011}} (new site) 9. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/12/02/archives/antarctic-ship-aided-scientists-taken-off-british-vessel-damaged-by.html| title=Antarctic Ship Aided; Scientists Taken Off British Vessel Damaged by Floe| work=The New York Times| date=2 December 1957| page=6| subscription=yes| accessdate=15 March 2011}} Publications
4 : Survey vessels of the Royal Navy|1936 ships|Ships built on the River Clyde|Boom defence vessels of the Royal Navy |
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