| 词条 | HMS Seal (1897) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Seal was a B-class torpedo boat destroyer of the British Royal Navy. She was completed by Laird, Son & Company, Birkenhead, in 1897. Design and constructionSeal was ordered on 9 January 1896 as the fifth of six 30-knotter destroyers programmed to be built by Lairds under the 1895–1896 programme.[1] These followed on from four very similar destroyers ordered from Lairds as part of the 1894–1895 programme.[2]Seal was {{convert|218|ft|m|1}} long overall and {{convert|213|ft|m|1}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|21|ft|6|in|m}} and a draught of {{convert|9|ft|9|in|m}}. Displacement was {{convert|355|LT|t}} light and {{convert|415|LT|t}} full load.[2] Like the other Laird-built 30-knotters, Seal was propelled by two triple expansion steam engines, fed by four Normand boilers, rated at {{convert|6300|ihp|kW|abbr=on|lk=in}}, and was fitted with four funnels.[2][3]Armament was the standard for the 30-knotters, i.e. a QF 12 pounder 12 cwt ({{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), with a secondary armament of five 6-pounder guns, and two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.[4][5] Seal was laid down on 17 June 1896 as yard number 625 and was launched on 6 March 1897.[1] On 24 January 1898 she carried out final sea trials, reaching an average speed of {{convert|30.79|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on|lk=in}} over the measured mile and {{convert|30.15|kn}} on a three-hour continuous run.[6] Seal commissioned in May 1898.[1]ServiceLieutenant Arthur John Payne was appointed in command in September 1899, and she was commissioned as part of the Devonport Destroyer Instructional Flotilla. In February 1900 she was slightly damaged while in the Falmouth harbour when the destroyer {{HMS|Fairy|1897|2}} dragged her moorings and drifted into several of the other ships of the flotilla.[7] Lieutenant Victor Gallafent Gurner was appointed in command on 1 March 1900.[8] She was scheduled for a commission on the Mediterranean station in December 1901,[9] but owing to defects her place was taken by {{HMS|Flying Fish|1897|2}}.[10] She underwent repairs to re-tube her boilers during Spring 1902,[11] and Lieutenant Harry Charles John Roberts West was appointed in command from 2 September,[12] when she did commission at Devonport for the Mediterranean station.[13] Arriving at Malta, she became tender to the HMS Orion, depot-ship for torpedo-boats.[14] In January 1907 Seal was part of the Second Destroyer Flotilla and was under repair at Chatham Dockyard.[15] On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyers were to be grouped into classes designated by letters based on contract speed and appearance. As a four-funneled 30-knotter destroyer, Seal was assigned to the B Class.[16][17] In 1912, older destroyers were organised into Patrol Flotillas, with Seal being part of the 7th Flotilla, based at Devonport, in March 1913.[18][19] Seal remained part of the 7th Flotilla on the eve of the First World War in July 1914.[20] At the outbreak of war, the 7th Flotilla was redeployed to the Humber River for operations off the East coast of Britain.[21][22] Duties of the Flotilla were to prevent enemy ships from carrying out minelaying or torpedo attacks in the approaches to ports on the East coast, and to prevent raids by enemy ships.[23] References1. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|p=62}} 2. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|pp= 61–62}} 3. ^{{Harvnb|Chesneau | Kolesnik| 1979| p= 94}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|pp=98–99}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009| p=40}} 6. ^{{cite magazine|title=The Birkenhead Destroyers|magazine=The Engineer|date=28 January 1898|volume=85|page=88|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/images/1/12/Er18980128.pdf#12}} 7. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Monday |date=19 February 1900 |page_number=9 |issue=36069| }} 8. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence|day_of_week=Wednesday |date=28 February 1900 |page_number=11 |issue=36077| }} 9. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Monday |date=25 November 1901 |page_number=10 |issue=36621| }} 10. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Friday |date=6 December 1901 |page_number=6 |issue=36631| }} 11. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Wednesday |date=14 May 1902 |page_number=12 |issue=36767| }} 12. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence|day_of_week=Saturday |date=23 August 1902 |page_number=8 |issue=36854| }} 13. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence|day_of_week=Monday |date=25 August 1902 |page_number=8 |issue=36855| }} 14. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence|day_of_week=Wednesday |date=3 September 1902 |page_number=4 |issue=36863| }} 15. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard |magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect |date=1 February 1907 |page=253}} 16. ^{{Harvnb|Gardiner | Gray |1985|p= 18}} 17. ^{{Harvnb|Manning| 1961| pp= 17–18}} 18. ^{{Harvnb|Manning|1961|p=25}} 19. ^{{cite magazine|title=Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Patrol Flotillas|work=The Navy List|date=March 1913|page=269d|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=94246554&mode=fullsize}} 20. ^{{cite magazine|title=Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Patrol Flotillas |journal=The Navy List |date=August 1914|page=269c |url=https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/91884214}} 21. ^{{Harvnb|Manning|1961|p=26}} 22. ^{{Harvnb|Corbett|1920|pp=15–16}} 23. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 7|1921|pp=75–76}}
5 : Earnest-class destroyers|Ships built in Merseyside|1897 ships|B-class destroyers (1913)|World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom |
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