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词条 HMS Shark (54S)
释义

  1. Design and description

  2. Construction and career

  3. Citations

  4. References

  5. External links

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Ship image=HMS Shark.jpgShip caption=Shark on the surface
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=United KingdomUK|naval}}Ship name=HMS SharkShip ordered=2 January 1933Ship awarded=Ship builder=Chatham DockyardShip laid down=12 June 1933Ship launched=31 May 1934Ship christened=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=31 December 1934Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship in service=Ship struck=Ship badge=Ship fate=Scuttled, 6 July 1940Ship status=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=S-class submarine768|LT|t}} surfaced
  • {{convert|960|LT|t}} submerged
208|ft|8|in|m|1|abbr=on}}24|ft|0|in|m|1|abbr=on}}11|ft|10|in|1|abbr=on}}1550|bhp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}} (diesel)
  • {{convert|1300|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (electric)
Ship propulsion=* 2 × diesel engines
  • 2 × electric motors
13.75|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
  • {{convert|10|kn}} submerged
6000|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surface
  • {{convert|64|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|2|kn}} submerged
300|ft|m|0}}Ship complement=4021|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes
  • 1 × 3-inch (76 mm) deck gun

}}

HMS Shark was a second-batch S-class submarine built during the 1930s for the Royal Navy. Completed in 1934, the boat fought in the Second World War. Shark is one of twelve boats named in the song "Twelve Little S-Boats".

Design and description

The second batch of S-class submarines were designed as slightly improved and enlarged versions of the earlier boats of the class and were intended to operate in the North and Baltic Seas.[1] The submarines had a length of {{convert|208|ft|8|in|m|1}} overall, a beam of {{convert|24|ft|0|in|m|1}} and a mean draught of {{convert|11|ft|10|in|m|1}}. They displaced {{convert|768|LT|t}} on the surface and {{convert|960|LT|t}} submerged.[2] The S-class submarines had a crew of 40 officers and ratings. They had a diving depth of {{convert|300|ft|m|0}}.[3]

For surface running, the boats were powered by two {{convert|775|bhp|lk=in|0|adj=on}} diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a {{convert|650|hp|0|adj=on}} electric motor. They could reach {{convert|13.75|kn|lk=in}} on the surface and {{convert|10|kn}} underwater.[4] On the surface, the second-batch boats had a range of {{convert|6000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}} and {{convert|64|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|2|kn}} submerged.[3]

The S-class boats were armed with six {{convert|21|in|mm|adj=on|0}} torpedo tubes in the bow. They carried six reload torpedoes for a total of a dozen torpedoes. They were also armed with a 3-inch (76 mm) deck gun.[2]

Construction and career

Ordered on 12 June 1933, Shark was laid down on 15 June 1933 at HM Dockyard, Chatham and was launched on 31 May 1934. The boat was completed on 31 December 1934.[5]

The submarine was attacked by German aircraft while surfacing on patrol off the coast of Norway near Skudenes on 5 July 1940. While trying to fight off the aircraft, the submarine succeeded in shooting down a Dornier Do 17.[6] Due to the damage the submarine had suffered and likely further attack from the enemy aircraft overhead it was decided to surrender the submarine. The next day at about 04:00 the German minesweeping trawlers M-1803, M-1806 and M-1807 arrived at the scene and took the crew on board.[7] Shark was taken under tow but the crew had scuttled her prior to leaving. Amidst much cheering from the captured British sailors, the German trawler crews were forced to cut the hawsers before Shark sank and took the towing vessels with her. Shark sank stern first about {{convert|25|nmi|km|0}} west-south-west of Egersund, Norway.

The boat's captain, Lieutenant Commander Peter Buckley, was involved in planning a number of escape attempts from his prisoner of war camp.[8] ERA W. E. "Wally" Hammond made a number of escape attempts before being held in Oflag IV-C – Colditz. With ERA Don "Tubby" Lister (from the captured submarine {{HMS|Seal|N37|6}}) he made a successful escape by campaigning for a transfer from Colditz, arguing that he was not an officer. He was transferred to Lamsdorf prison, escaped from a Breslau work party, and reached England via Switzerland in 1943.[9][10]

Citations

1. ^Harrison, Chapter 16
2. ^1 Chesneau, p. 49
3. ^1 McCartney, p. 6
4. ^Bagnasco, p. 110
5. ^Akermann, p. 334
6. ^{{cite book |title=The Admiralty Regrets: British Warship Losses of the 20th Century |last=Kemp |first=Paul |year=1999 |publisher=Sutton Publishing Ltd |isbn=0-7509-1567-6 |pages=123}}
7. ^{{cite web |title=Submarine losses 1904 to present day |url=http://www.rnsubmus.co.uk/general/losses.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215050107/http://www.rnsubmus.co.uk/general/losses.htm#shark |publisher=Royal Navy Submarine Museum |archivedate=15 December 2004}}
8. ^{{cite book |title=The Royal Navy Submarine Service: A Centennial History |last=Preston |first=Antony |authorlink= Antony Preston (naval historian) |year=2001 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-891-7 |pages=115}}
9. ^Reid, Patrick Robert (1953). The Latter Days at Colditz. London: Hodder and Stoughton
10. ^{{cite web |title=Prisoners of war in Switzerland |url=http://www.seayourhistory.org.uk/component/option,com_gallery2/Itemid,402/g2_itemId,21056/ |website=Sea Your History |publisher=Royal Naval Museum |accessdate=16 June 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721185818/http://www.seayourhistory.org.uk/component/option,com_gallery2/Itemid,402/g2_itemId,21056/ |archivedate=21 July 2011}}

References

  • {{cite book|last=Akermann|first=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of British Submarines 1901–1955|edition=reprint of the 1989|year=2002|publisher=Periscope Publishing|location=Penzance, Cornwall|isbn=1-904381-05-7}}
  • {{cite book|last=Bagnasco |first=Erminio |title=Submarines of World War Two |year=1977 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=0-87021-962-6}}
  • {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
  • {{Colledge}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.rnsubs.co.uk/Boats/BR3043/chapter07.php|title=The Development of HM Submarines From Holland No. 1 (1901) to Porpoise (1930) (BR3043)|last=Harrison|first=A. N.|date=January 1979|publisher=Submariners Association: Barrow in Furness Branch|accessdate=19 August 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519040644/http://www.rnsubs.co.uk/Boats/BR3043/chapter07.php|archivedate=19 May 2015|df=}}
  • {{cite book|last=McCartney|first=Innes|location=Oxford, UK|title=British Submarines 1939–1945|series=New Vanguard|volume=129|year=2006|publisher=Osprey|isbn=1-84603-007-2}}
  • {{cite book |last=Rohwer |first=Jürgen |date=2005 |title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939—1945: The Naval History of World War Two |edition=Revised & Expanded |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=1-59114-119-2}}

External links

  • IWM Interview with Peter Buckley
{{British S class submarine}}{{July 1940 shipwrecks}}{{coord|58|18|N|5|13|E|display=title|type:landmark_source:Uboat.net}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shark (54S)}}

8 : British S-class submarines (1931)|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|1934 ships|World War II submarines of the United Kingdom|Submarines sunk by aircraft|Maritime incidents in July 1940|Naval ships of the United Kingdom captured by Germany during World War II|Ships sunk by German aircraft
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