“HMS Viking (1909)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

HMS Viking was a Tribal-class destroyer of the Royal Navy launched in 1909 and sold for scrap in 1919. She was the only destroyer ever to have six funnels.

Construction and design

HMS Viking was one of five Tribal-class destroyers ordered as part of the Royal Navy's 1907–08 shipbuilding programme. She was laid down at Palmers' Jarrow shipyard on 11 June 1908 and was launched on 14 September 1909.^[1] The Tribal-class destroyers were to be powered by steam turbines and use oil-fuel rather than coal, and be capable of {{convert|33|kn}}, but detailed design was left to the builders, which meant that individual ships of the class differed greatly.^[2]^[3]

Gun armament consisted of two 4 inch guns,{{#tag:ref|Gardiner and Gray state that the guns were BL Mk IV,^[6] while Friedman claims that they were BL Mk VIII guns.^[5]|group=lower-alpha}} the 12-pounder guns carried by earlier Tribals having been proved ineffective by trials against the old destroyer HMS Skate in 1906.^[7]^[8] Two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes were carried.^[6] The ship had a complement of 71.^[4]

Service

On commissioning, Viking joined the First Destroyer Flotilla, remaining part of that unit until 1913.^[9] In October that year, the Tribals were officially designated the F class, and as such the letter "F" was painted on Afridi{{'}}s bows.^[2]^[10]

In February 1914, the Tribals, whose range was too short for effective open sea operations, were sent to Dover, forming the 6th Destroyer Flotilla.^[2] On the outbreak of the First World War, the 6th Flotilla formed the basis of the Dover Patrol,^[11] with which the Tribal class, including Viking served for the duration of the war.^[12]^[13]

In October 1914, the Dover Patrol was deployed to help support Belgian ground forces during the Battle of the Yser, carrying out shore bombardment operations. Viking suffered an explosion of its forward gun, wounding two and causing the ship to be withdrawn from the operations.^[14]^[15] (Viking was later awarded the Battle Honour "Belgian Coast 1914–18").^[16]

During the First World War she served in the North Sea and the English Channel with the 6th Destroyer Flotilla. She was damaged after hitting a mine off Boulogne on 29 January 1916 whilst convoying troops to France. There were 10 casualties, including Sub-Lieutenant Harold Courtenay Tennyson and Able Seaman Charles Thomas Crockford.

References

1. ^¹Friedman 2009, p. 305.
2. ^¹²Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 72.
3. ^Friedman 2009, pp. 106–109.
4. ^¹²Friedman 2009, p. 294.
5. ^¹²³Friedman 2009, p. 205.
6. ^¹²Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 71.
7. ^Friedman 2009, pp. 108–109.
8. ^Brown 2003, p. 178.
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rmg.co.uk/upload/pdf/Warship_Histories_Vessels_iv.pdf|title=NMM, vessel ID 378489|work=Warship Histories, vol iv|publisher=National Maritime Museum|accessdate=11 May 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014122904/http://www.rmg.co.uk/upload/pdf/Warship_Histories_Vessels_iv.pdf|archivedate=14 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}
10. ^Burt 1986, pp. 26–27.
11. ^Friedman 2009, p. 139.
12. ^Burt 1986, pp. 22–23.
13. ^Bacon 1918 Volume II, p. 626.
14. ^Bacon 1918 Volume II, pp. 611–612.
15. ^{{cite web|last=Corbett|first=Julian S.|title=History of the Great War: Naval Operations Vol. I To the Battle of the Falklands December 1914 (Part 1 of 2)| publisher=Naval-History.net|year=2013|origyear=Originally published by Longmans, Green and Co.: London, 1920|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Book-RN1a.htm|accessdate=11 May 2014}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=World War 1 at Sea: BATTLE HONOURS and SINGLE-SHIP ACTIONS OF THE ROYAL NAVY 1914-18|date=3 October 2013|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritish-Royal_Navy_Battle_Honours.htm|accessdate=11 May 2014}}