| 词条 | HNLMS Johan Maurits van Nassau | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HNLMS Johan Maurits van Nassau ({{lang-nl|Hr.Ms. Johan Maurits van Nassau}}), named after John Maurice of Nassau, was a Dutch gunboat that served in the early part of World War II, when it was sunk. She was the sole ship of her class, which was developed from the earlier Flores-class. Service historyWhen the war broke out, Johan Maurits van Nassau was in the West Indies due to be relieved by the new gunnery training ship {{HNLMS|Van Kinsbergen|1939|2}}, allowing the Maurits to return to the Netherlands. On 10 May 1940, the day the Germans launched their blitzkrieg, she was stationed as a search and guard vessel at Vlissingen, where she immediately was targeted by German aircraft, of which she shot down one. She remained in the area for a couple of days and was then ordered to bombard the Dutch aerodrome at Waalhaven in Rotterdam, which had been occupied by German paratroopers. She arrived in Hoek van Holland, but after the loss of the destroyer Van Galen during her attempt to do the same, the operation—of which Flores was also part—was cancelled. As part of the Battle of the Afsluitdijk, Maurits was ordered by Den Helder on 12 May 1940 to silence a German battery near the Afsluitdijk, and on 14 May, she bombarded the German battery (consisting of {{convert|88|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} guns of the 1. Kavalleriedivision) at a range of about {{convert|18|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and silenced them. Her advanced fire control system enabled great accuracy. Despite fierce retaliation by German aircraft, she remained undamaged, to the great surprise of all. The war in the Netherlands was, however, coming to an end, and the independent role of the Dutch Navy was over. There was a general evacuation of personnel and ships, and Johan Maurits van Nassau left Den Helder on 14 May with the minelayers HNLMS Jan van Brakel, {{HNLMS|Douwe Aukes||2}} and {{HNLMS|Nautilus||2}}, and the torpedo boats G 13 and G 15. In the afternoon, about {{convert|16|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of Callantsoog, they were attacked by German aircraft. Maurits—the largest vessel in the convoy—was the main target. Johan Maurits van Nassau received two or three hits, one of which caused a fire near an ammunition stack. The crew were ordered to abandon ship: eight crewmen were killed. Later, most surviving crewmembers were transported back to Den Helder by the rescue ship Dorus Rijkers, but some continued to England aboard the remaining ships. The wreck lies in {{convert|20|m|ft|abbr=on}} of water in position {{coord|52|50|13|N|4|33|56|E}}. External links
6 : Ships built in the Netherlands|World War II sloops of the Netherlands|World War II shipwrecks in the North Sea|1932 ships|Maritime incidents in May 1940|Ships sunk by German aircraft |
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