词条 | HNoMS Odin (1939) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
HNoMS Odin was a {{sclass-|Sleipner|destroyer}} that entered service with the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1939. She and the other Sleipner-class vessels were built as part of a Norwegian rearmament scheme in the last years leading up to the Second World War. In 1940 she had taken part in protecting Norwegian neutrality, before being caught up in the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940. After fighting the invasion forces at Kristiansand, she was captured and pressed into Kriegsmarine service for the duration of the war. After the end of the war, she was returned to Norway. In 1948 she and her surviving sister ships were converted to frigatesand remained in service until being sold for scrapping in 1959. ConstructionOdin was built at Karljohansvern naval shipyard in Horten with yard number 126, and was launched on 24 January 1939.[1]Second World WarAfter the outbreak of the Second World War Odin formed part of the 3rd destroyer section in the Kristiansand Defence Sector of the 1st Naval District.[4] Opposing the German invasion of NorwayRio de JaneiroOn 8 April 1940 she had taken part together with the guard ship Lyngdal in the rescue of the surviving sailors and soldiers from the 5,199 ton clandestine German troop transport {{MS|Rio de Janeiro|1914|2}}[5][6][7] sunk by the Polish submarine {{ORP|Orzeł|1938|6}} near the small port of Lillesand. Defending KristiansandThe next morning, 9 April 1940, Odin took part in the defence of Kristiansand, against landing group four of the German invasion of Norway. When the battle at Kristiansand between the Kriegsmarine flotilla and Odderøya Fort began Odin steamed out into the Toppdalsfjord and opened up on attacking Luftwaffe bombers with her Oerlikon 20 mm cannon and two 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine guns. Continuous evasive manoeuvring saved the destroyer from being hit by the many bombs dropped at her and several hits were recorded on the attacking aircraft, although none were shot down. At about 07:30 a twin-engined aircraft attacked the interned {{GS|U-21|1936|6}} that was docked in Kristiansand harbour, having been seized by Norwegian warships for neutrality violations after running aground on the Oddene shallows near Mandal 27 March that year.[8] U-21 had been docked in Kristiansand since 28 March.[9] Odin fired at the aircraft, only to discover it was a RAF Lockheed Hudson reconnaissance aircraft. Neither this time did the Odin's fire bring her target down. At 1000hrs an order not to fire at British and French forces came to the commander of Kristiansand. This order, combined with confusion of which flags were flown by the intruding warships, led to the German force being able to enter the harbour unopposed on their third attempt at 1030hrs. Odin was captured at Marvika naval station together with numerous other naval vessels in the Kristiansand area, including her sister ship {{HNoMS|Gyller|1938|2}}.[10][11] German service as the PantherAfter the German capture of Kristiansand Odin was handed over to the Kriegsmarine on 11 April and officially entered service as Panther on 20 April.[12] However, before entering the Kriegsmarine she was partially rebuilt and rearmed. During the remainder of the war she operated in Skagerrak and Kattegat as an escort and training ship, in 1940 forming the 7. Torpedobootsflottille together with Gyller,[13][14] and from January 1942 as a torpedo recovery vessel in Gotenhafen. Post-war RNoN serviceAfter the end of the Second World War Panther/Odin was recovered in Holmestrand, Norway, May 1945 and returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy. After three more years in Norway as a destroyer Odin was converted to a frigate in 1948. Odin and her sister ships was phased out and sold for scrapping in 1959 Notes1. ^1 2 {{csr|register=MSI|id=6110876|accessdate=7 February 2009}} 2. ^1 Abelsen 1986: 30 3. ^1 Johannesen 1988: 89 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://niehorster.org/022_norway/navy_kristiansand.html |title=Scandinavian Campaign: Administrative Order of Battle Royal Norwegian Navy 1st Naval District – Kristiansand Defense Sector |accessdate=7 February 2009 |last=Niehorster |first=Leo |date= |work= |publisher=}} 5. ^{{csr|register=MSI|id=5603819|accessdate=10 February 2009}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.skovheim.org/located/aagder/rio/rio.htm |title=Rio de Janeiro |accessdate=8 February 2009 |last=Skovheim |first=Nils |work= |publisher= |date=29 June 2007 |language=Norwegian, English }} 7. ^{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kersaudy |first=François |authorlink=François Kersaudy |editor=Dahl, Hans Fredrik |encyclopedia=Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45 |title=Rio de Janeiro |url=http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/r/r3.html#rio-de |edition= |date= |year=1995 |publisher=Cappelen |volume= |location=Oslo |isbn= |language=Norwegian |accessdate=8 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929114720/http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/r/r3.html#rio-de |archivedate=29 September 2013 |df= }} 8. ^Steen 1954: 103 9. ^Sivertsen 2001: 69 10. ^Berg 1997: 19 11. ^[https://www.krigsseilerregisteret.no/en/skip/21669/ HNoMS Odin] Krigsseilerregisteret {{en icon}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.german-navy.de/kriegsmarine/captured/torpedoboats/panther/index.html |title=Panther |accessdate=8 February 2009 |last=Emmerich |first=Michael |work=German Naval History |publisher= |date= }} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/km/tboote/tfl1-7.htm |title=Torpedobootsflottillen 1 - 7 |accessdate=15 April 2010 |last=Heise |first=Hans-Jürgen |date= |work=Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart |publisher= |language=German}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4006-17German.htm |title=German Navy ships, June 1940 |accessdate=15 April 2010 |last=Kindell |first=Don |date= |work=Naval-History.net |publisher=}} Bibliography
6 : Naval ships of Norway captured by Germany during World War II|Ships built in Horten|Sleipner-class destroyers|World War II destroyers of Norway|Frigates of the Royal Norwegian Navy|1939 ships |
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