| 词条 | Homai Vyarawalla |
| 释义 |
| name = Homai Vyarawalla | image = Photo of Homai Vyarawalla.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1913|12|9}} | birth_place = Navsari, Bombay state, British India | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2012|1|15|1913|12|9}} | death_place=Vadodara, Gujarat, India | education = Sir J. J. School of Art | occupation = Photojournalist | spouse = Manekcshaw Vyarawala (d. 1969) | parents = | children = Farouq[1] | nationality = Indian }}Homai Vyarawalla (9 December 1913 – 15 January 2012), commonly known by her pseudonym Dalda 13, was India's first woman photojournalist.[2][3] She began work in the late 1930s and retired in the early 1970s. In 2011, she was awarded Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India.[4][5]She was amongst the first women in India to join a mainstream publication when she joined The Illustrated Weekly of India .[6][7] Early life and educationHomai Vyarawalla was born on 9 December 1913[8] to a Parsi family in Navsari, Gujarat. Vyarawalla spent her childhood moving from place to place with her father's travelling theatre company[9]. After moving to Bombay, Homai Vyarawalla studied at Bombay University and the Sir J. J. School of Art.[10] Personal lifeVyarawalla was married to Manekshaw Jamshetji Vyarawalla, an accountant and photographer for the Times of India.[11] In 1970, a year after her husband’s death, she gave up photography as she did not wish to work with the new generation paparazzi culture.[12] [13] Homai Vyarawalla then moved to Pilani, Rajasthan, with her only son, Farouq who taught at BITS Pilani. She returned to Vadodara (formerly Baroda) with her son in 1982.[14] After her son's death from cancer in 1989, she lived alone in a small apartment in Baroda and spent her time gardening.[15] CareerVyarawalla started her career in the 1930s. At the onset of World War II, she started working on assignments for Mumbai-based The Illustrated Weekly of India magazine which published many of her most admired black-and-white images.[16] In the early years of her career, since Vyarawalla was unknown and a woman, her photographs were published under her husband's name.[17] Eventually her photography received notice at the national level, particularly after moving to Delhi in 1942 to join the British Information Services. As a press photographer, she recorded many political and national leaders in the period leading up to independence, including Mohandas Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Indira Gandhi and the Nehru-Gandhi family.[17] In 1956, she photographed for Life Magazine the 14th Dalai Lama when he entered Sikkim in India for the first time via the Nathu La.[18] Most of her photographs were published under the pseudonym "Dalda 13″. The reasons behind her choice of this name were that her birth year was 1913, she met her husband at the age of 13 and her first car's number plate read "DLD 13″[19]. In 1970, shortly after her husband's death, Homai Vyarawalla decided to give up photography, lamenting "bad behaviour" of the new generation of photographers.[20] She did not take a single photograph in the last 40-plus years of her life. When asked why she quit photography while at the peak of her profession, she said "It was not worth it anymore. We had rules for photographers; we even followed a dress code. We treated each other with respect, like colleagues. But then, things changed for the worst. They were only interested in making a few quick bucks; I didn't want to be part of the crowd anymore."[16]Later in life, Vyarawalla gave her collection of photographs to the Delhi-based Alkazi Foundation for the Arts and, in 2010, in collaboration with the National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai (NGMA), the foundation presented a retrospective of her work.[16] Google honoured Vyarawalla on the 104th anniversary of her birth with a doodle, "First Lady of the Lens".[21] DeathIn January 2012, Vyarawalla fell from her bed and fractured a hip bone. Her neighbours had helped her reach a hospital where she developed breathing complications. She had been suffering from interstitial lung disease which resulted in her death on 15 January 2012.[22] References1. ^{{cite news|title=India's first woman photojournalist, a chronicler of history|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/indias-first-woman-photojournalist-a-c.../900173/|work=The Indian Express|date=16 January 2012|accessdate=9 December 2017}} {{refbegin}}2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/world/asia/homai-vyarawalla-india-photojournalist-dies-at-99.html|title=Homai Vyarawalla, Indian Photojournalist, Dies at 99|last=Pandya|first=Haresh|date=29 January 2012|work=The New York Times|access-date=16 September 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/03/24/homai-vyarawalla-essay/|title=Homai Vyarawalla: India's First Female Photojournalist {{!}} #IndianWomenInHistory|date=2017-03-24|work=Feminism in India|access-date=2017-09-17|language=en-US}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110123/jsp/opinion/story_13478946.jsp|title=An iconic observer – The curious life and times of Homai Vyarawalla|date=23 January 2011 |work=The Telegraph}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Homai-gets-Padma-Vibhushan/articleshow/7362865.cms|title=Homai gets Padma Vibhushan - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-12-11}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Carolyn M. Byerly|title=The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Journalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mAJfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA391|accessdate=5 June 2018|date=12 January 2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-137-27324-6|pages=391–}} 7. ^{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/google-doodle-honours-indias-first-woman-photojournalist-homai-vyarawalla/articleshow/61994344.cms | title=Google Doodle honours India's first woman photojournalist Homai Vyarawalla | publisher=The Economic Times | date=9 December 2017 | accessdate=5 June 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/PDATOI/articleshow/6276844.cms |title=The Times of India on Mobile |publisher=M.timesofindia.com |date=9 December 1913 |accessdate=16 January 2012}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/world/asia/homai-vyarawalla-india-photojournalist-dies-at-98.html|title=Homai Vyarawalla, Indian Photojournalist, Dies at 98|last=Pandya|first=Haresh|date=2012|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-09-16|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-25/vadodara/28352445_1_homai-vyarawalla-first-woman-photojournalist-photo-division|title=Homai gets Padma Vibhushan|date=25 January 2011|work=The Times of India}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/world/asia/homai-vyarawalla-india-photojournalist-dies-at-98.html|title=Homai Vyarawalla, Indian Photojournalist, Dies at 98|last=Pandya|first=Haresh|date=2012|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-09-16|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/arts/design/candid-photos-by-homai-vyarawalla-at-rubin-museum.html|title=‘Candid,’ Photos by Homai Vyarawalla, at Rubin Museum|last=Cotter|first=Holland|date=2012-08-23|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-09|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/world/asia/homai-vyarawalla-india-photojournalist-dies-at-98.html|title=Homai Vyarawalla, Indian Photojournalist, Dies at 98|last=Pandya|first=Haresh|date=2012|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-09|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/homai-vyarawalla-first-lady-of-the-lens/1/168962.html|title=Homai Vyarawalla: First lady of the lens|access-date=2017-09-16}} 15. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/868304226|title=India in focus : camera chronicles of Homai Vyarawalla|last=Sabeena.|first=Gadihoke,|date=2010|publisher=Mapin Publishing in association with Parzor Foundation|others=Vyarawalla, Homai.|isbn=1935677071|location=New Delhi|oclc=868304226}} 16. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-second-part-of-the-interview-with-homai-vyrawalla/20110303.htm|title=Meet India's first lady photographer Homai Vyarawalla|date=3 March 2011|work=Rediff.com}} 17. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://time.com/50318/homai-vyarawalla-indias-first-female-photojournalist/|title=Homai Vyarawalla: India's First Female Photojournalist|last=Gadihoke|first=Sabeena|website=Time|access-date=2017-09-16}} 18. ^Haresh Pandya, [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/world/asia/homai-vyarawalla-india-photojournalist-dies-at-98.html Homai Vyarawalla, Pioneering Indian Photojournalist, Dies at 98], NYT, January 28, 2012 19. ^{{Cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/homai-vyarawalla-first-lady-of-the-lens/1/168962.html|title=Homai Vyarawalla: First lady of the lens|access-date=2017-09-16}} 20. ^Haresh Pandya, [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/world/asia/homai-vyarawalla-india-photojournalist-dies-at-98.html "Homai Vyarawalla, Pioneering Indian Photojournalist, Dies at 98"], New York Times, 29 January 2012. 21. ^{{Cite news|url=https://techobserver.in/article/biography/google-doodle-celebrates-indias-first-woman-photojournalist-homai-vyarawalla|title=Homai Vyarawalla: Google Doodle celebrates India’s first female photojournalist|last=Kalam|first=M|date=2017-12-09|work=TechObserver|access-date=2017-12-08|language=en-GB}} 22. ^{{cite web|last=Vyarawalla|first=Homai|title=India's first woman photojournalist dead|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-16/india/30631588_1_first-woman-photojournalist-homai-vyarawalla-lal-bahadur-shastri|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|accessdate=17 January 2012}}
External links
19 : Indian photojournalists|Indian women photographers|1913 births|2012 deaths|Parsi people|People from Navsari district|University of Mumbai alumni|Sir J. J. School of Art alumni|Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts|Indian women journalists|20th-century Indian journalists|20th-century Indian women writers|20th-century Indian writers|20th-century Indian photographers|Women artists from Gujarat|Women writers from Gujarat|Journalists from Gujarat|20th-century Indian women artists|Photographers from Gujarat |
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