词条 | Homer Bigart |
释义 |
Early life and educationBigart was born in Hawley, Pennsylvania to Homer S. Bigart, a woolens manufacturer, and Anna Schardt Bigart. To author Karen Rothmeyer, he confided near the end of his life:
He transferred to the New York University School of Journalism in 1929. Journalism careerHe got a part-time job as a night copy boy at the Herald Tribune, then dropped out of school to work full-time at the newspaper.[2] Despite a stutter[4] and a painfully slow typing speed, he was promoted to general assignment reporter after four years.[2] World War IIIn 1942, with World War II raging, Bigart was asked to become a war correspondent.[2] He stated that, although he never liked the war, when he was assigned to London: [T]hose first few months were about the happiest ones I think I've ever spent in journalism. I liked the people and I liked the city. There was sort of a lull in the air raid war so you had the excitement of being in a war area without any real danger.[3] He and seven other reporters flew bombing missions over Germany as part of "The Writing 69th". On one such mission to Wilhelmshaven in March 1943, the B-17 bomber formation in which he and reporters Walter Cronkite and Gladwin Hill were flying suffered heavy losses to enemy fighters.[5] He also covered the fighting in North Africa, Italy, and southern France. When Germany surrendered, he went to the Pacific and was one of the first reporters to enter Hiroshima after the atomic bombing.[2][4] For the latter work, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting - International (a predecessor of the International Reporting Pulitzer), citing "his distinguished reporting during the year 1945 from the Pacific war theatre."[6] Korean WarThat was only the first of several wars Bigart was to cover. Next up was the Korean War where he clashed with fellow Herald Tribune reporter Marguerite Higgins. Recalled Bigart:
Nonetheless, Bigart, Higgins and four others—two from the Chicago Daily News and two from the Associated Press—shared the 1951 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting.[7] Once again, he was in the thick of things; a July 10, 1950 dispatch described being caught between North Korean tanks and an American artillery barrage.[5] Newsweek called him "the best war correspondent of an embattled generation."[2] He left the Herald Tribune in 1955, a decade before its demise, for The New York Times. He covered the trial of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in 1961.[4] Vietnam WarIn 1962, Bigart was sent to South Vietnam, where he stayed for six months. He soon realized that the war was a mistake, stating "I never thought we'd be stupid enough to send ground troops over there in the first place, after the experience in Korea".[4] He made enemies by bucking the pressure to report optimistically. He was expelled from South Vietnam by President Ngo Dinh Diem for persistently criticizing him, his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu, and sister-in-law Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} Civil rights movementThe New York Times dispatched Bigart to cover some of the most significant events of the struggle of southern blacks for civil rights. He followed the 101st Airborne Division into Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957, in response to Governor Orval Faubus's refusal to comply with federal court orders to desegregate the City's public schools.[8] He covered the demonstrations in St. Augustine, Florida that led directly to the passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964. His dispatch's blunt description of civil rights opponents in Philadelphia, Mississippi as "peckerwoods' and "rednecks," following the disappearance of civil rights activists Mickey Schwerner, James Cheney, and Andrew Goodman, set Bigart apart from other Times reporters.[9]Personal lifeBigart retired in 1973 and died in 1991 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, of cancer.[2] He divorced his first wife, Alice Veit, and his second wife Alice Weel died of cancer in 1969. Alice Weel Bigart was the first woman to write full-time for a US network news program, when she joined CBS Douglas Edwards and the News in 1948, and later became producer of 60 Minutes).[10][11] Hélène Montgomery-Moore, the widow of Major Cecil Montgomery-Moore, DFC, funded the Mrs. Cecil Montgomery-Moore Scholarship for journalism, in memory of Alice Weel Bigart. He was survived by his third wife, Else Holmelund Minarik, a writer of children's books. Books
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/reportingamericaatwar/reporters/bigart/ |title=Homer Bigart |publisher=PBS |accessdate=2008-08-18}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEEDE103AF934A25757C0A967958260 |title=Homer Bigart, Acclaimed Reporter, Dies |author=Richard Severo |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 17, 1991}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=1543 |title=The Quiet Exit |author=Karen Rothmeyer |publisher=American Journalism Review |date=November 1991 |accessdate=2011-02-18}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title=Homer Bigart; Journalist Won 2 Pulitzers for War Coverage |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 18, 1991 |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-04-18/news/mn-321_1_homer-bigart}} 5. ^1 {{cite news |title=The Fighting Words of Homer Bigart: A War Correspondent Is Never a Cheerleader (book review) |author=Malcolm W. Browne |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 11, 1993 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7DE123FF932A25757C0A965958260&pagewanted=2}} 6. ^1 "1946 Winners". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2013-10-31. 7. ^1 "1951 Winners". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2013-10-31. 8. ^Gene Roberts & Hank Klibanoff, "[https://books.google.com/books?id=FXT4XCT1HKQC&dq=the+race+beat&source=gbs_navlinks_s The Race Beat]," p. 184 (Random House 2008). 9. ^Roberts & Klibanoff, pp. 361-62. 10. ^Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism: Journalism School Scholarships {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205727/http://www.journalism.columbia.edu/page/257-journalism-school-scholarships/77 |date=2014-09-03 }} 11. ^Hard News: Women in Broadcast Journalism. Page 48-49. By David H. Hosley and Gayle K. Yamada. Praeger (November 3, 1987). {{ISBN|978-0-313-25477-2}} 12. ^"Forward positions: the war correspondence of Homer Bigart". Library of Congress Catalog Record. Retrieved October 31, 2013. External links
9 : 1907 births|1991 deaths|American war correspondents|American war correspondents of World War II|Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting winners|American people of the Vietnam War|New York Herald Tribune people|The New York Times writers|20th-century American writers |
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