| 词条 | Cobar | ||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Cobar | state = nsw | image = Cobar Main Street 001.JPG | caption = Marshall Street, the main street of Cobar with, on the right, the Great Western Hotel. Cobar retains much of its late 19th-century architecture. | lga = Cobar Shire | coordinates = {{coord|31|29|0|S|145|48|0|E|display=inline,title}} | postcode = 2835 | est = 1870 | pop = 3,990 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} | pop_footnotes = [1] | elevation= 260 | maxtemp = 25.3 | mintemp = 12.7 | rainfall = 396.1 | county = Robinson | stategov = Barwon | fedgov = Parkes | dist1 = 711 | location1= Sydney | dist2 = 457 | location2= Broken Hill }}Cobar is a town in central western New South Wales, Australia whose economy is based mainly around copper mining. The town is {{convert|712|km|mi|abbr=on}} by road northwest of the state capital, Sydney. It is at the crossroads of the Kidman Way and Barrier Highway. The town and the local government area, the Cobar Shire, are on the eastern edge of the outback. At the 2016 census, the town of Cobar had a population of 3,990.[1] The Shire has a population of approximately 4,700 and an area of {{convert|44065|km2|sqmi}}—about two-thirds the size of Tasmania.[2] Many sights of cultural interest can be found in and around Cobar - the town retains much of its colonial 19th-century architecture. The Towsers Huts are ruins of very simple, early colonial dwellings. The ancient Aboriginal rock paintings at Mount Grenfell are some of the largest and most important in Australia. HistoryIndigenous originsThe name Cobar is derived from the Aboriginal Ngiyampaa word for copper, Kuparr, Gubarr or Cuburra, meaning 'red earth' or 'burnt earth', the ochre used in making body paint for Corroborees.[3] [4] The name also represents an Aboriginal attempt to pronounce the word 'copper'.[5]Some of the most significant Aboriginal rock art in NSW is found within the Cobar Shire. The indigenous Ngiyampaa/Wangaapuwan traditions of this diverse bio-region are best represented in the rock art of Mount Grenfell, 40 km west of Cobar. Over 1,300 depictions of humans and animals, as well as hand stencils are found at this site. PastoralismPastoralists began to settle the area in the mid-1850s. {{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} MiningOne of these pastoralists, a man known as 'Papa Cornish', rescued a party of Aboriginal trackers from near-certain death in the early 1870s; in gratitude, they guided him to Australia's largest copper deposit. This led to settlements being founded with Australia's European and Asian gold rush immigrant arrivals. The Great Cobar Copper Mining Company Limited was established in 1878. It and subsequent companies operated a number of light railways[6] carrying ore and similar material, as well as timber for mine supports. Cobar and many mining outskirts accommodated the miners who travelled to the area in the late 1880s. The overwhelming majority of these were of Cornish Australian stock at the time.[7] Several fine heritage buildings from the late 1880s/early 1900s settlement are still in existence, including the Great Western Hotel (1898), reputed to have the longest iron lace verandah in the Southern Hemisphere, the Cobar Post Office (1885), the Cobar Court House (1887) and Court House Hotel (1895) in Barton Street, as well as the interesting Cobar Heritage and Visitor Information Centre, located in the beautiful former Mines Office (1910). On Hillston Road southeast out of town is Fort Bourke Hill, which affords an excellent view of the town, as well as the historic Towser's Huts, a series of stone miners' cottages dating back as early as the 1890s, possibly even the 1870s, and built by an Italian miner by the name of Antonio Tozzi. At its peak, Cobar had a population on 10,000 and its own stock exchange. However, copper mining operations slowed in 1920, and by the 1930s the town's population had dropped to little over 1,000, only to rise again and stabilise at around 3,500 through the 1970s and early 1980s. Copper mining was intermittent until 1965 when full-time operations resumed.[8] In the 1980s, Gold, silver, lead and zinc were discovered in the area, which led to a further population increase. The town's current positive economic development is due to the affluence of the mining boom. Three important mining belts are operational in the Cobar area: the Cobar belt, the Canbelego belt and the Girilambone belt. Visits to mine sites may be arranged through the Cobar Heritage and Visitor Information Centre overlooking the open cut mine. The Festival of the Miners' Ghost, held during the last weekend in October, is a festival celebrating the spirits of the old miners. Heritage listingsCobar has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
PopulationAccording to the 2016 census of Population, there were 3,990 people in Cobar.
EconomyThe Cobar economy relies heavily on trade with the local mines and their employees, and consequently on world metal prices and hence is subject to great fluctuations. During 2008, after a fall of 75% in world zinc prices, one local mine cut 540 of its 655 jobs, with flow-on effects felt by many other businesses. Over the course of that year Cobar's workforce reduced by 10%.[11] The town has increasing benefit from being the seat of the local government area. Cobar has two primary schools, a high school, an activities youth centre and a 31-bed hospital for acute care. ClimateCobar has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) with hot summers and cool winters. It has a median annual rainfall of 390mm. Rainfall is extremely variable, particularly in late summer and early spring. The highest rain falls have been in excess of 200mm in any one month. Rainfall is generally only about 4 days per month. The average relative humidity in Cobar during the summer is about 30% in the afternoon and about 50% at 9am. In winter it is about 45% at 3pm, and about 75% at 9am. {{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} Annual mean wind speed at 9am and 3 pm is about 12.2 km/h with lesser speeds on winter mornings.[12][15] {{Weather box|location = Cobar |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |precipitation colour = green |Jan record high C = 47.0 |Feb record high C = 46.1 |Mar record high C = 41.5 |Apr record high C = 36.0 |May record high C = 29.6 |Jun record high C = 26.3 |Jul record high C = 25.7 |Aug record high C = 30.5 |Sep record high C = 38.0 |Oct record high C = 39.9 |Nov record high C = 45.4 |Dec record high C = 44.1 |year record high C = 47.0 |Jan high C = 34.1 |Feb high C = 33.3 |Mar high C = 30.1 |Apr high C = 25.3 |May high C = 20.1 |Jun high C = 16.5 |Jul high C = 15.8 |Aug high C = 18.0 |Sep high C = 22.0 |Oct high C = 26.2 |Nov high C = 29.6 |Dec high C = 32.6 |year high C = 25.3 |Jan low C = 20.6 |Feb low C = 20.2 |Mar low C = 17.1 |Apr low C = 12.9 |May low C = 9.0 |Jun low C = 6.2 |Jul low C = 5.1 |Aug low C = 6.2 |Sep low C = 9.1 |Oct low C = 12.7 |Nov low C = 16.0 |Dec low C = 18.7 |year low C = 12.8 |Jan record low C = 10.3 |Feb record low C = 8.4 |Mar record low C = 6.2 |Apr record low C = 3.2 |May record low C = 0.4 |Jun record low C = -2.0 |Jul record low C = -2.3 |Aug record low C = -2.5 |Sep record low C = -0.3 |Oct record low C = 2.9 |Nov record low C = 4.4 |Dec record low C = 8.1 |year record low C = -2.5 |Jan precipitation mm = 45.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 43.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 35.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 25.9 |May precipitation mm = 33.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 30.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 28.7 |Aug precipitation mm = 26.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 25.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 33.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 35.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 36.0 |year precipitation mm = 396.1 |Jan precipitation days = 5.8 |Feb precipitation days = 4.8 |Mar precipitation days = 4.9 |Apr precipitation days = 4.3 |May precipitation days = 6.2 |Jun precipitation days = 6.8 |Jul precipitation days = 6.7 |Aug precipitation days = 6.0 |Sep precipitation days = 5.9 |Oct precipitation days = 6.5 |Nov precipitation days = 6.0 |Dec precipitation days = 5.2 |year precipitation days = 68.5 |source 1 = [13] |date=8 December 2016 }} Notable people
GalleryTransportNSW TrainLink operates a coach service from Dubbo. References1. ^1 2 {{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC10949 |name=Cobar (State Suburb) |accessdate=3 September 2017 |quick=on}} 2. ^http://www.cobar.nsw.gov.au/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128061308/http://www.cobar.nsw.gov.au/ |date=28 January 2010 }} Retrieved 7 January 2010 3. ^{{cite book |last=Donaldson |first=Tamsin |chapter=Ngiyampaa |title=Macquarie Aboriginal Words |location=Sydney |publisher=Macquarie Library |page=38}} 4. ^{{cite book |last=Reed |first= A.W |title=Aboriginal Place Names |location=Sydney 1967 |publisher=Reed New Holland |page=26}} 5. ^{{NSW GNR|id=KWqwjzWAKW|title=Cobar|accessdate=28 June 2009}} 6. ^Shoebridge, J.W. The Railways of The Great Cobar, Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, September 1969 pp. 189-218 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgoFxfSTfYAC&pg=PA227&lpg=PA227&dq=australia+first+fleet+cornwall&source=bl&ots=pQ8ZsDZmGb&sig=TfiFNvZO2PtZBgpAQUgjeTEuoqw&hl=en&ei=-YAHTYaRHsKYhQfXyLnuBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CBoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=australia+first+fleet+cornwall&f=false|title=The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, Its People and Their Origins|first1=James|last1=Jupp|first2=Director Centre for Immigration and Multicultural Studies James|last2=Jupp|date=1 October 2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=15 September 2018|via=Google Books}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.csamine.com.au/about-us/|title=About Us - CSA|website=www.csamine.com.au|accessdate=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330055024/http://www.csamine.com.au/about-us/|archive-date=30 March 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{cite NSW SHR|5011972|Cobar Railway Station and yard|hr=01114|fn=EF14/4565|accessdate=18 May 2018}} 10. ^{{cite AHD|106178|Cobar Post Office|fn=1/03/226/0024|accessdate=15 September 2018}} 11. ^http://www.smh.com.au/text/articles/2009/01/23/1232471590783.html From boom town to bust Retrieved 24 January 2009 12. ^http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/nsw/cobar/climate.shtml {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030072841/http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/nsw/cobar/climate.shtml |date=30 October 2008 }} Climate of Cobar, Retrieved 24 January 2009 13. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_048027_All.shtml | title = BOM - Cobar weather statistics | publisher = | access-date = 14 December 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110331132902/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_048027_All.shtml | archive-date = 31 March 2011 | dead-url = no | df = dmy-all }} External links{{Commons category-inline|Cobar, New South Wales}}
4 : Mining towns in New South Wales|Populated places established in 1870|Cobar|Cobar Shire |
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