| 词条 | Hoodoo Butte |
| 释义 |
| name = Hoodoo Butte | photo = Septemberhoodoo.jpg | photo_caption = | elevation_ft = 5597 | elevation_ref = [1] | prominence = | location = Linn County, Oregon, U.S. | range = Cascades | coordinates = {{coord|44.4017859|N|121.8842261|W|type:mountain_region:US-OR_scale:100000_source:GNIS|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | range_coordinates = | coordinates_ref = [1] | topo = USGS Santiam Junction | type = Cinder cone | age = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = Chairlift }} Hoodoo Butte is a cinder cone butte in the Cascade Range of northern Oregon, located near Santiam Pass. Immediately to the east lies Hayrick Butte, a prime example of a tuya; the two mountains' names were likely mistaken for each other, but stuck with them over time. The area has been subjected to a number of historic fires. Hoodoo is sometimes considered a subfeature of the Mount Washington shield volcano, and it forms part of the Sisters Reach, which extends from South Cinder Peak to Crane Prairie Reservoir, running for {{convert|90|km|mi|disp=flip}}. This region has a high vent density, with many mafic (rich in magnesium and iron) volcanoes of Pleistocene to Holocene age, such as Hoodoo. While Hoodoo has an intact summit crater that was blocked from erosion by glaciers, it has an irregular topography, giving it an open appearance. A ski area, also named Hoodoo, is located on the northwest through northeast flanks of the cone, and includes five chairlifts. Other recreational activities popular in the area include snowshoeing and snowmobiling during the winter, and fishing, hiking, camping, mountain biking, windsurfing, and water skiing popular during the summer season. GeographyHoodoo Butte lies in Linn County, in the northern part of the U.S. state of Oregon.[1] With an elevation of {{convert|5597|ft|m}},[1]{{Ref|art1|[a]}} it has a large, rounded shape,[5] rising about {{convert|500|ft|m}} above the surrounding platform. {{sfn|Taylor|1965|p=129}} The volcano lies {{convert|44|mi|km}} to the west of the city of Bend and about {{convert|130|mi|km}} southeast of Portland.[2] Physical geographyIn 1967, a stand replacement fire (a fire that kills most if not all of the living upper canopy layer in the forest) and initiates succession or regrowth burned through {{convert|5000|acre|km2}} of the surrounding Santiam Pass area. It reached the vegetation on the eastern and southern flanks of Hoodoo Butte, leaving patches of trees compared to the denser forest on the northern slope.{{sfn|Willamette N.F, Hoodoo Master Plan, Linn County|1996|p=1-11}} Forest fires tore through the region again during the summer of 2003.{{sfn|Barr|2012|p=172}} Soil on the mountain ranges from shallow to moderately deep with loam, and tends to be loose and cindery.{{sfn|Willamette N.F, Hoodoo Master Plan, Linn County|1996|p=3-17}} EcologyBird species near Hoodoo include woodpeckers and bald eagles. Deer and American black bears frequent the surrounding area.{{sfn|Barr|2012|p=172}} GeologyHoodoo Butte lies near the Santiam Pass area, in the eastern segment of the Cascade Range known as the High Cascades, which trends north–south.{{sfn|Joslin|2005|p=30}} Constructed towards the end of the Pleistocene epoch, these mountains are underlain by more ancient volcanoes that subsided due to parallel north–south faulting in the surrounding region.{{sfn|Joslin|2005|p=31}} In the region stretching south from Mount Jefferson to Santiam Pass, shield volcanoes dominate, forming a broad ridge with cinder cones.{{sfn|Wood|Kienle|1990|p=178}} Eruptions at these vents have produced rocks with compositions ranging from basaltic andesite to andesite and basalt lavas.{{sfn|Wood|Kienle|1990|p=178}} The majority of rock in the region consists of normally polarized material less than 730,000 years old.{{sfn|Wood|Kienle|1990|pp=178–179}} Hoodoo Butte is part of the Sisters Reach, which extends from South Cinder Peak to Crane Prairie Reservoir, running for {{convert|90|km|mi|disp=flip}}. With at least 466 volcanoes active during the Quaternary, it has a high vent density, with many mafic (rich in magnesium and iron) volcanoes of Pleistocene to Holocene age. Hoodoo Butte is one of the larger mafic volcanoes, along with Three Fingered Jack, North Sister, and the vents of the Mount Bachelor chain.{{sfn|Hildreth|2007|p=23}} Sometimes considered a subfeature of the Mount Washington shield volcano,[3] Hoodoo forms one of several glaciated remnants of Pleistocene volcanoes in the region, other nearby examples including Maxwell Butte and Cache Mountain.{{sfn|Taylor|1981|p=55}} It is a cinder cone and possesses an intact summit crater, since the neighboring andesite lava dome of Hayrick Butte prevented Pleistocene glaciers from reaching Hoodoo's summit.{{sfn|Taylor|1981|p=75}} The crater is open to the east as a result of its irregular topography, which led to uneven distribution of ejected material such that most of the volcanic rock that forms the edifice was deposited elsewhere.{{sfn|Taylor|1965|p=129}} The cinder cone is surrounded by volcanic ash from the Sand Mountain Cones that was moved by water, and some of this ash forms a layer on the floor of the summit crater.{{sfn|Taylor|1965|p=129}} Human historyAccording to one local story, a cartographer accidentally switched the names for Hoodoo Butte and the nearby tuya Hayrick Butte. The word "hoodoo" refers to rock buttresses like those observed at the nearby Hayrick Butte, while "hayrick" is a synonym for haystack, a more fitting name for Hoodoo Butte, which has a profile that resembles a haystack shape. Whether or not this error actually occurred remains unclear, but the names remain to present day.[4] The name Hoodoo Butte was confirmed by the {{nobr|United States Board on Geographic Names}} on November 28, 1980.[1] The top of Hoodoo Butte has electronic communication relay sites, which are owned by AT&T and Bend Telecommunications.{{sfn|Willamette N.F, Hoodoo Master Plan, Linn County|1996|p=3-27}} RecreationThe Hoodoo ski area, a popular winter sports destination, sits on Hoodoo Butte. It encompasses {{convert|800|acre|km2}} with 34 trail runs, five chairlifts, a snow tubing park, night skiing,[2] lodges, rental and repair stores, and a day-care building.{{sfn|Barr|2012|p=172}} First built in 1938,[2] the original ski area was supported by a group funded by Ed Thurston of Eugene.[5][6] Following World War II, the ski area embarked on improvements, including lodging and chairlifts.[7] The oldest ski area in the Central Cascades, the Hoodoo area offers terrains for all levels of skiing. It closes to off road motorized vehicle use from November 1 through May 15.[8] In addition to skiing, snowshoeing and snowmobiling are popular winter activities in the area, with fishing, hiking, camping, and mountain biking popular during the summer season.{{sfn|Willamette N.F, Hoodoo Master Plan, Linn County|1996|p=3-20}} The Hoodoo Ski Bowl offers scenic views of the local region.{{sfn|Willamette N.F, Hoodoo Master Plan, Linn County|1996|p=3-21}} Fishing is a popular recreational activity in the area, particularly for brook and cutthroat trout at Big Lake, {{convert|3|mi|km}} south via the ski area's access road.{{sfn|Barr|2012|p=172}} Recreational boating, windsurfing, and water skiing are also common during the summer.{{sfn|Barr|2012|p=172}} See also
Notes
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite gnis |id=1121960 |name=Hoodoo Butte }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=http://www.skihoodoo.com/about/|title=About Hoodoo Ski Area|date=2018|accessdate=February 12, 2018|publisher=Hoodoo Ski Area}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=322807|title=Washington|date=2013|accessdate=February 12, 2018|work=Global Volcanism Program|publisher=Smithsonian Institution}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nuggetnews.com/main.asp?SectionID=10&SubSectionID=10&ArticleID=25174|title=Tuya: A distinctive local geological feature|date=August 23, 2016|last=Eisenbeis|first=C.|accessdate=February 11, 2018|work=Nugget Newspaper|publisher=Dolson, K.}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bLFhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=i-gDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1941%2C1361838 |newspaper=Eugene Register-Guard |last=Frazier |first=Ruby |title=Hoodoo ski resort set for winter play |date=October 17, 1948 |page=1}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0JxYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pIYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3961%2C6173017 |newspaper=The Bulletin|title=Hoodoo's Golden Year |last=Freeman |first=Mike |date=January 3, 1988 |page=D1 }} 7. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bLFhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=i-gDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6696%2C1529055 |newspaper=The Register-Guard|title=Hoodoo Development |date=October 17, 1948 |page=11B|accessdate=February 12, 2018}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/willamette/recarea/?recid=4677|title=Hoodoo Ski Area|work=Willamette National Forest|publisher=United States Forest Service|accessdate=February 12, 2018}} Sources{{refbegin}}
| editor-last1 = Wood | editor-first1 =C. A. | editor-last2 = Kienle | editor-first2= J. | title = Volcanoes of North America | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1990 | isbn = 0-521-43811-X | ref = harv}}{{refend}}{{Volcanoes of Oregon}} 7 : Cinder cones of the United States|Subduction volcanoes|Cascade Volcanoes|Volcanoes of Oregon|Cascade Range|Buttes of Oregon|Volcanoes of Linn County, Oregon |
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