| 词条 | Horned coot |
| 释义 |
| name = Horned coot | image = FulicaCornuta.svg | image_caption = Illustration of the horned coot (Some old illustrations show erect wattles, but these are held flat along the culmen of the bill, with only the brush-like tip pointing outwards[1]). | image2 = Tagua cornuda Horned coot (Fulica cornuta).JPG | image2_caption = A horned coot on the nest at Miñiques Lagoon, San Pedro de Atacama, Antofagasta Region, Chile | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Aves | ordo = Gruiformes | familia = Rallidae | genus = Fulica | species = F. cornuta | binomial = Fulica cornuta | binomial_authority = Bonaparte, 1853 | synonyms = }} The horned coot (Fulica cornuta) is a species of bird found in the Andes of South America. It was described by Bonaparte in 1853 based on a specimen collected in Bolivia. For a long time it was known only from the type specimen. DescriptionHorned coot males average a little larger than the female. With a total length of 46–62 cm (18–24 in) and a reported body mass from {{convert|1.6|-|2.29|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, it averages slightly smaller than the related giant coot as the second largest coot and the third largest extant species of rail.[2][3][4][5] While most coots have a horny shield on the forehead, the horned coot has three wattles in both sexes. The central wattle is large and may possibly be erectile. The three wattles terminate in tufts of filoplumes. At the base of the beak and below the wattle is a fleshy caruncle which is whitish. The bill is olive yellow, brightening to dull orange towards the base. Unlike the giant coot, the legs of the horned coot are dull greenish.[2] BreedingThe horned coot is monogamous, and sometimes breeds in colonies of up to 80 pairs.[5] The huge nest is typically located about 40 metres from the shore in the waters of the high altitude lakes where it breeds. Pebbles are piled by the birds to form an artificial island that reaches the water surface. This island is then covered with algae to form the nest. It has been estimated that the pebble mounds may weigh as much as 1.5 tons and they are refurbished in each season. They breed from November to January.[6] Distribution and habitatThe coot occurs in the altiplano of north-western Argentina, south-western Bolivia, and north-eastern Chile. It is almost entirely restricted to lakes at altitudes of 3000–5200 m.a.s.l., but has occasionally been recorded at lower altitudes.[1] Status and conservationIt is generally a low-density species and the total population has been estimated at 10,000–20,000, with as few as 620 in the Chilean part of its range.[1] Consequently, it is considered to be near threatened by BirdLife International and IUCN.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 {{IUCN|id=22692946 |title=Fulica cornuta |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^1 2 Jaramillo, A. Burke, P., & Beadle, D. (2003). Birds of Chile. Christopher Helm. {{ISBN|0-7136-4688-8}} 3. ^CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), {{ISBN|978-0-8493-4258-5}}. 4. ^Taylor, Barry, Rails: A Guide to the Rails, Crakes, Gallinules and Coots of the World. Yale University Press (1998), {{ISBN|978-0-300-07758-2}}. 5. ^1 Taylor, P. B. (1996). Horned Coot (Fulica cornuta). pp. 209 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. eds. (1996). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Hoatzins to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. {{ISBN|84-87334-20-2}} 6. ^Ripley, S. Dillon (1957) Notes on the horned coot, Fulica cornuta Bonaparte. Postilla 30:1–8 [https://archive.org/details/postilla150peab scan] External links
7 : Fulica|Birds of Argentina|Birds of the Bolivian Andes|Birds of Chile|Birds of the Southern Andes|Birds described in 1853|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。