| 词条 | Horn expedition |
| 释义 |
The Horn Scientific Expedition was the first primarily scientific expedition to study the natural history of Central Australia, sponsored by three Australian universities (University of Sydney, University of Adelaide and University of Melbourne).[1] It took place from May to August 1894, with expedition members first traveling by train from Adelaide to the railhead at Oodnadatta in South Australia, then using camels for transport to traverse over 3000 km of largely uncharted country from Oodnadatta through the Finke River basin to Alice Springs and the Macdonnell Ranges in the Northern Territory. The expedition was equipped and sponsored by William Austin Horn, a wealthy pastoralist and mining magnate, who accompanied the expedition in its early stages. The area studied included the country of the Arrernte and Luritja people, whose assistance and goodwill was crucial to the success of the expedition through the provision of natural history specimens, artefacts and information.[2] PersonnelMembers of the expedition,[3] with their responsibilities, included:
Other personnel were two collectors, one of whom was ornithologist George Keartland, a cook and four cameleers.[4] Local Aboriginal guides were also used for parts of the expedition, including Arrabai. AchievementsAmong the achievements of the expedition was the collection and description of new mammal species, some of which are now locally extinct or threatened, including the:[5]
The expedition was the first to collect fishes from central Australia. New species were described as well as new records made of others. Findings included the lack of evidence for aestivation by desert fish and the importance of flooding for dispersal.[6] Also the 1894 Horn Expedition and its report were of crucial importance to the development of Australian herpetology.[7] References1. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.nfsa.gov.au/digitallearning/mabo/info/horn.htm|title = The Horn Expedition|date = |accessdate = 1 May 2015|website = National Film and Sound Archive|publisher = |last = |first = }} 2. ^SA Museum – Speaking Land {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927025940/http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/aacg/speakingland/story07/07_story.htm |date=2007-09-27 }} accessed 19 November 2007 3. ^{{cite journal|year=1897|title= The Horn Expedition to Central Australia|journal=Geographical Journal|volume=10|issue=|pages=51-53|jstor=1774395|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pj6UAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA51}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Eaton|first= E.H.|year=1900|title= The Zoology of the Horn Expedition|journal=American Naturalist|volume=34|number=397|pages=25-31|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/277531|jstor=2453550|doi=10.1086/277531}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.museumvictoria.com.au/treasures/collDetails.aspx?Simg=3&ID=64|publisher= Museum Victoria|title=Walter Baldwin Spencer and the Horn Expedition|access-date= 19 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227013408/https://museumsvictoria.com.au/treasures/colldetails.aspx?simg=3&pid=64|archive-date=2018-12-27}} 6. ^Desert Fishes - Past and present ichthyological work in central Australia accessed 19 November 2007 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Shea|first=Glenn. M.|year=2003|title= The Horn Expedition (1894) to Central Australia: New Directions in Australian Herpetology|journal=Bonner zoologische Beitrage| volume=52|pages=245-273|url=http://zoologicalbulletin.de/BzB_Volumes/Volume_52_3_4/245_273_BZB52_3_4_Shea_Glenn.PDF}} Further reading{{Commons category|Horn Scientific Expedition}}
4 : Exploration of Australia|Alice Springs|Australian expeditions|1894 in Australia |
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