“Coconut Grove”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

What is today referred to as Coconut Grove was formed in 1925 when the city of Miami annexed two areas of about equal size, the city of Coconut Grove and most of the town of Silver Bluff. Coconut Grove approximately corresponds to the same area as the 33133 ZIP Code although the ZIP Code includes parts of Coral Way and Coral Gables^[3] and a small portion of ZIP Code 33129.^[4] The area is often referred to as "The Grove" and many locals take pride that Coconut Grove is one of the greenest areas of Miami.^[5]^[6]

Coconut Grove is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at Coconut Grove and Douglas Road stations.

History

Several waves of immigration established Coconut Grove, the first in 1825, when the Cape Florida lighthouse went into operation and was manned by John Dubose. Dr. Horace P. Porter is credited for coming up with the name when in 1873 he rented a home from Edmond D. Beasley's widow, who homesteaded 160 acres of bay front property. He lived there for only a year but during that time he established a post office which he named Coconut Grove.^[7]^[8] Around the same time the area saw an influx of Americans from the Northeastern US, as well as British and white Bahamian immigrants. The first hotel on the South Florida mainland was located in Coconut Grove. Called the Bay View Inn (later known as the Peacock Inn), it was built in 1882, on the site of present-day Peacock Park, by English immigrants Isabella and Charles Peacock, who had been the owner of a wholesale meat business in London. Coconut Grove's first black settlement, in the 1880s, was established by Bahamian laborers who worked at the Peacock Inn.^[9] The Barnacle Historic State Park is the oldest house in Miami-Dade County still standing in its original location. It was built in 1891 and was home to Ralph Middleton Munroe, also known as "The Commodore" for being the first commodore and founder of the Biscayne Bay Yacht Club, an American yacht designer and early resident of Coconut Grove.

Formerly an independent city, Coconut Grove was annexed by the city of Miami in 1925.^[10] In the 1960s, bay-shore Coconut Grove served as the center of South Florida's youth countercultural movement, notably hosting several love-ins^[11] and concerts (including a now-infamous Doors concert at Dinner Key Auditorium)^[12] during the latter part of the decade.^[13]

A surge of commercial development in Coconut Grove was driven by the construction of three major residential complexes during the late 1970s and early 1980s: Yacht Harbour Condominiums in 1975; Grove Isle, a condominium, club and hotel complex, in 1979; and L'Hermitage in 1980. This was followed with the opening of 2575 S. Bayshore Drive in 1982 and the 1983 opening of Grove Towers.^[14]

Economy

Coconut Grove has a number of outdoor festivals and events, the most prominent of which is the annual Coconut Grove Arts Festival.^[15]^[16] Others include the King Mango Strut, which began as a parody of the Orange Bowl Parade, and which continues each year on the last Sunday in December. The Great Taste of the Grove Food & Wine Festival takes place each April. Each June, the Goombay Festival transforms Grand Avenue in Coconut Grove into a Carnaval (Caribbean Carnival), celebrating Bahamian culture, with Bahamian food and Caribbean music (Junkanoo).

The Grove has numerous restaurants, open air and streetside cafes, and several waterfront restaurants and bars. By night, the Grove becomes a center of nightlife frequented by locals, young professionals, students from the-nearby University of Miami and Florida International University, and tourists.

Shopping is abundant in the Grove, with two open-air malls, CocoWalk, the Streets of Mayfair, and many other street shops and boutiques.

The Village Center, the three blocks radiating from and focusing on the intersection of Main, McFarland, and Grand Avenues, home to the majority of the retail and restaurant business in the Grove, is also home to three gyms, a multiplex movie house in CocoWalk, several parking garages, a state historic site, an elementary school, a City of Miami fire station, several large condos and residential rental towers, the Coconut Grove Post Office, and two sizable parks. Development and redevelopment continue to redefine and transform the area.

Major corporations including Arquitectonica, Spanish Broadcasting System, and Watsco are located in the Grove.

The eastern border of Coconut Grove is Biscayne Bay, which lends itself to the local boating and sailing communities. The area features the Coconut Grove Sailing Club, Coral Reef Yacht Club, Biscayne Bay Yacht Club, and a sizable municipal marina, Dinner Key Marina.^[17] The US Sailing Center^[18] is on the Bay between Kennedy Park and the Coral Reef Yacht Club. Pan Am's seaplane operations were based at Dinner Key, and the Miami City Hall is based in the old Pan Am terminal building.

Demographics

Demographically, Coconut Grove is split up into "Northeast Coconut Grove" and "Southwest Coconut Grove", and as of 2000, the total population of both of the neighborhood's sections made up between 18,953^[19] and 19,646 people.^[4] The zip codes for all of Coconut Grove include 33129 and 33133. The area covers {{convert|5.607|sqmi|km2}}. As of 2000, there were 9,695 males and 9,951 females. The median age for males were 38.4 years old, while the median age for females were 40.3 years old. The average household size had 2.1 people, while the average family size had 2.8 members. The percentage of married-couple families (among all households) was 33.6%, while the percentage of married-couple families with children (among all households) was 11.1%, and the percentage of single-mother households (among all households) was 7.6%. The percentage of never-married males 15 years old and over was 18.3%, while the percentage of never-married females 15 years old and over was 14.3%.^[4] The percentage of people that speak English not well or not at all made up 8.1% of the population. The percentage of residents born in Florida was 31.6%, the percentage of people born in another U.S. state was 34.7%, and the percentage of native residents but born outside the U.S. was 2.3%, while the percentage of foreign born residents was 31.4%.^[4]

As of 2000,^[19] Northeast Grove had a population of 9,812 residents, with 5,113 households, and 2,221 families residing in the neighborhood. The median household income was $63,617.82. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 35.24% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 2.25% Black or African American, 60.96% White (non-Hispanic), and 1.55% other races (non-Hispanic).

As of 2000,^[19] Southwest Grove had a population of 9,141 residents, with 3,477 households, and 2,082 families residing in the neighborhood. The median household income was $63,617.82. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 14.80% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 48.27% Black or African American, 35.27% White (non-Hispanic), and 1.66% other races (non-Hispanic).

The "West" Grove is predominantly composed of people who are of Afro-Bahamian descent. Bahamian sailors were one of the first groups of settlers in the area.^[20] The Goombay festival is a celebration of the rich history of this historically Bahamian neighborhood.^[21]

Transportation

Coconut Grove is served by Metrobus throughout the area, and by the Miami Metrorail at:

Metrobus' Coconut Grove Connection connects at Coconut Grove and Douglas Road stations, going to many popular areas within the Grove, including CocoWalk and Peacock Park.

Education and institutions

Cultural institutions

Libraries

Schools

Elementary schools

Middle schools

High schools

Private schools

Points of interest

Parks

In popular culture

The movie All About The Benjamins was filmed in coconut Grove (specifically ShakeAleg water sports' parking lot & boatyard) in 2002 starring Ice Cube and Mike Epps.

Notable people

Historic Coconut Grove

Established in 1825, Coconut Grove is one of Miami's oldest neighborhoods. As such, many of Miami's oldest buildings and homes are located in the Grove. Some of these include:

References

1. ^City of Miami official map {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416180151/http://www.miamigis.com/cityofmiamive/ |date=April 16, 2009 }}
2. ^Blackman, E. V. Miami and Dade County, Florida. Washington, D.C.: Victor Rainbolt, 1921.
3. ^USNaviguide.com
4. ^¹²³{{cite web |url=http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/Coconut-Grove-Miami-FL.html |title=Demographics of Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida. |publisher=city-data|accessdate=2009-08-30}}
5. ^https://www.academia.edu/26538827/Coconut_Grove_West_Grove_tree_canopy_variations_over_time Miami’s Coconut Grove – tree canopy variation over time, May 2016, Accessed 1 October 2016
6. ^http://milliontrees.miamidade.gov/library/miami-dade_utc-assessment_final-lr.pdf Miami-Dade Urban Tree Canopy Assessment 2016
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/nets/offices/grove/ |title=City of Miami – Neighborhood Enhancement Teams |accessdate=2011-10-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105060853/http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/nets/offices/grove/ |archivedate=January 5, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}
8. ^Planning Your Vacation in Florida, Miami and Dade County [WPA Guide to Miami], Northport, New York: Bacon, Percy & Daggett, 1941, page 49.
9. ^Joanne Hyppolite. Black Crossroads. South Florida History, the magazine of the Historical Museum of Southern Florida. Volume 37, No 1, 2009, p. 13
10. ^{{cite journal | last=Livingston | first = Grant | title = The Annexation of the City of Coconut Grove | journal = Tequesta | volume = LX | pages = 32–55 | publisher = Historical Association of Southern Florida | location = Miami, Florida | year = 2000 | url = http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/tequesta/files/2000/00_1.pdf?bcsi_scan_4D7E231455658879=0&bcsi_scan_filename=00_1.pdf | issn = 0363-3705| accessdate = 2008-12-11}}
11. ^{{cite news |title=Grove "Love-In" Swings Under Eyes of Police |first=Bill |last=Bjebre |author2=Kenneth Harrell |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MaEyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eeoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1586%2C3726474 |newspaper=The Miami News |date=September 8, 1969 |accessdate=March 26, 2011}}
12. ^{{cite news |title=In Defense of a Generation: 'Hippies are Beautiful' |author=Art Grace |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ccMyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=quoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=639%2C4393206 |newspaper=The Miami News |date=March 11, 1969 |accessdate=April 29, 2011}}
13. ^{{cite news |title=Coconut Grove: Hip Little Village Under the Palms |first=Jim |last=Woodman |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/596916042.html?dids=596916042:596916042&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jul+23%2C+1972&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Coconut+Grove&pqatl=google |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=July 23, 1972 |accessdate=March 26, 2011}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/|title=The New Face of Coconut Grove|last=Baum|first=Laurie|date=August 27, 1984|work=Miami Herald, The|access-date=|page=1BM Record: 8403030190}}
15. ^{{Cite news |url=http://historymiamiarchives.org/pdfs/sfh-1990-1.pdf |title=Arts festival started as 'left bank affair' |last=Altman |first=Ruth K. |date=1990 |work=South Florida History Magazine |issue=1 |pages=14–7 |via=HistoryMiami}}
16. ^{{cite web | title = website of Coconut Grove Arts Festival | work = | publisher = | date = | url = http://www.cgaf.com/ | accessdate = September 25, 2012}}
17. ^CMS Redirect {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924194916/http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/PublicFacilities/Marinas/dinner.html |date=September 24, 2008 }}
18. ^US Sailing Center
19. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://www.miamigov.com/Planning/pages/services/Census.asp |title=Demographics of Coconut Grove Miami, Florida. |publisher=miamigov.com |accessdate=2008-06-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517201540/http://www.miamigov.com/Planning/pages/services/Census.asp |archivedate=May 17, 2008 |df=mdy-all }}
20. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.miamitodaynews.com/news/040708/story1.shtml | title = Western Coconut Grove leaders eye revitalization | author = Samantha Joseph | publisher = Miami Today | date = July 7, 2004 | accessdate = March 16, 2010}}
21. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.miamiandbeaches.com/miami_goombay_festival.asp | title = Miami Goombay Festival | publisher = Greater Miami Convention and Visitors Bureau | accessdate = March 16, 2010}}
22. ^{{cite web | title = City of Miami Parks Department list | url = http://www.miamigov.com/Parks/pages/ | accessdate = September 27, 2010 }}
23. ^Planning Your Vacation in Florida, Miami and Dade County [WPA Guide to Miami], Northport, New York: Bacon, Percy & Daggett, 1941, p. 145.
24. ^"Burn Notice is up for sale!" http://coconutgrovegrapevine.blogspot.com/2013/08/burn-notice-is-up-for-sale.html
25. ^{{Cite news |title = Obituary |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/24/sports/neal-colzie-47-defensive-back-in-nfl.html |accessdate = February 16, 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 24, 2001}}
26. ^{{Cite web |title = Astronaut Bio |url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/scott.html |website=NASA.gov |accessdate = February 13, 2011 }}
27. ^{{cite book|last=Kleinberg|first=Howard|title=The Stingaree Century|year=2003|publisher=(self published)|isbn=0-9741589-0-9}}