| 词条 | Howard Griffiths (scientist) |
| 释义 |
| name = Howard Griffiths | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1953}}[1] | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = Plant Physiological Ecology | workplaces = {{Plainlist|
| education = | alma_mater = | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | spouse = | partner = | children = | website = {{URL|http://www.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/research/howardgriffiths}} }} For other people of the same name, see Howard Griffiths. Howard Griffiths is Professor of Plant Ecology in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Cambridge[3] and a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge.[4] His scientific interests focus on plant physiological ecology, particularly in the application of molecular biology techniques and physiology to investigate the regulation of photosynthesis and plant water-use efficiency. ResearchGriffiths specialisations include:
Griffiths has a particular interest in introducing the dynamics of plant processes without the need for time-lapse photography. His lectures demonstrate how the spatial segregation of photosystem 1 and photosystem 2 creates a highly dynamic system, with lateral mobility and migration of damaged photosynthetic reaction centres through thylakoid membranes. He studies the reaction mechanism of RuBisCO and how plants have evolved turbocharging "carbon concentrating mechanisms" to enhance the operating efficiency of photosynthesis.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} His work uses stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 and oxygen (Δ18O) to integrate carbon and hydrological cycles for individual plants, rainforest ecosystems and Antarctic moss deposits. His research focuses on biochemical mechanisms such as C₄ carbon fixation which spatially separate one of the anaplerotic reactions of CO₂ fixation by Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase within mesophyll tissues and RuBisCO in an inner bundle sheath cell: CO₂ concentrations are elevated and offset the wasteful oxygenase activity and the salvage pathway, photorespiration, leading to improved radiation, water and nitrogen use by C₄ plants. {{As of|2017}} his programmes are focusing on
He has longstanding interests in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM photosynthesis)[8] and has worked in Trinidad and Panama on tropical epiphytes such as the bromeliad and orchid and cacti families, and now has interests in bioenergy production by Agave. He has investigated carbon concentrating mechanisms (see photosynthesis) in algae and hornworts, focusing on the molecular determinants of the chloroplast pyrenoid in Chlamydomonas.[8] He has a major collaboration funded by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and National Science Foundation (NSF) to explore the possibility of introducing elements of the algal carbon concentrating mechanism into vascular plants.[9][3] PublicationsHe is the author, co-author or editor of several textbooks and monographs[1] including The carbon balance of forest biomes[10] with Paul Gordon Jarvis. According to Google Scholar[11] and Scopus,[12] his most highly cited peer reviewed publications have been published in the scientific journals The Journal of Experimental Botany,[13][14] Oecologia,[15] New Phytologist[16] and Functional Plant Biology.[17] References1. ^1 {{LCAuth|n93111359|Howard Griffiths||}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Griffiths, Howard}}2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Raven|first1=John|authorlink1=John Albert Raven|last2=Beardall|first2=John|last3=Griffiths|first3=Howard|title=Inorganic C-sources for Lemanea, Cladophora and Ranunculus in a fast-flowing stream: Measurements of gas exchange and of carbon isotope ratio and their ecological implications|journal=Oecologia|volume=53|issue=1|year=1982|pages=68–78|issn=0029-8549|doi=10.1007/BF00377138}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114153118/http://www.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/research/howardgriffiths |archivedate=2016-01-14 |url=http://www.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/research/howardgriffiths |website=plantsci.cam.ac.uk |title=Howard Griffiths, Department of Plant Sciences |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424154433/http://www.clare.cam.ac.uk/Fellows-and-Staff-Directory/hg230/ |archivedate=2014-04-24 |url=http://www.clare.cam.ac.uk/Fellows-and-Staff-Directory/hg230/ |website=clare.cam.ac.uk |title=Professor Howard Griffiths |deadurl=yes |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.climatescience.cam.ac.uk|title=Cambridge Centre for Climate Science|website=climatescience.cam.ac.uk}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/themes/food-security/|title=Research theme: food security|website=cam.ac.uk/research/themes/food-security}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.conservation.cam.ac.uk/|title=Introducing the Cambridge Conservation Initiative|website=conservation.cam.ac.uk}} 8. ^{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Cambridge|title=Physiological and molecular determinants of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii pyrenoid|first= Moritz|last=Meyer|date=2010|url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541773|oclc=879379141}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://cambridgecapp.wordpress.com|title= CAPP - Combining Algal and Plant Photosynthesis|website=cambridgecapp.wordpress.com}} 10. ^Howard Griffiths and Paul Jarvis (2005) The carbon balance of forest biomes {{ISBN missing}} 11. ^{{Google Scholar id|name=Howard Griffiths}} 12. ^{{Scopus|id=7202821735}} 13. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Dodd|first1=A. N.|title=Crassulacean acid metabolism: plastic, fantastic|journal=Journal of Experimental Botany|volume=53|issue=369|year=2002|pages=569–580|issn=1460-2431|doi=10.1093/jexbot/53.369.569}} 14. ^{{cite journal|last1=Price|first1=A. H.|title=Linking drought-resistance mechanisms to drought avoidance in upland rice using a QTL approach: progress and new opportunities to integrate stomatal and mesophyll responses|journal=Journal of Experimental Botany|volume=53|issue=371|year=2002|pages=989–1004|issn=1460-2431|doi=10.1093/jexbot/53.371.989}} 15. ^{{cite journal|last1=Seibt|first1=Ulli|last2=Rajabi|first2=Abazar|last3=Griffiths|first3=Howard|last4=Berry|first4=Joseph A.|title=Carbon isotopes and water use efficiency: sense and sensitivity|journal=Oecologia|volume=155|issue=3|year=2008|pages=441–454|issn=0029-8549|doi=10.1007/s00442-007-0932-7}} 16. ^{{cite journal|last1=Adams|first1=Patricia|last2=Nelson|first2=Don E.|last3=Yamada|first3=Shigehiro|last4=Chmara|first4=Wendy|last5=Jensen|first5=Richard G.|last6=Bohnert|first6=Hans J.|last7=Griffiths|first7=Howard|title=Growth and development of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Aizoaceae)|journal=New Phytologist|volume=138|issue=2|year=1998|pages=171–190|issn=0028-646X|doi=10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00111.x}} 17. ^{{cite journal|last1=Cernusak|first1=Lucas A.|last2=Tcherkez|first2=Guillaume|last3=Keitel|first3=Claudia|last4=Cornwell|first4=William K.|last5=Santiago|first5=Louis S.|last6=Knohl|first6=Alexander|last7=Barbour|first7=Margaret M.|last8=Williams|first8=David G.|last9=Reich|first9=Peter B.|last10=Ellsworth|first10=David S.|last11=Dawson|first11=Todd E.|last12=Griffiths|first12=Howard G.|last13=Farquhar|first13=Graham D.|last14=Wright|first14=Ian J.|title=Why are non-photosynthetic tissues generally 13C enriched compared with leaves in C3 plants? Review and synthesis of current hypotheses|journal=Functional Plant Biology|volume=36|issue=3|year=2009|pages=199|issn=1445-4408|doi=10.1071/FP08216}} 6 : Fellows of Clare College, Cambridge|British ecologists|Academics of the University of Cambridge|Living people|20th-century British botanists|1953 births |
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