| 词条 | Howard Taylor Ricketts |
| 释义 |
|image =Ricketts_Howard_Taylor_1871-1910.jpg |image_size = |caption =Howard Taylor Ricketts |birth_date =February 9, 1871 |birth_place =Findlay, Ohio, United States |death_date =May 3, 1910 (aged 39) |death_place =Mexico City, Mexico |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = |ethnicity = |field =Bacteriology |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for =blastomycosis, bacillus, typhus |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |footnotes = |signature = }} Howard Taylor Ricketts (February 9, 1871 – May 3, 1910) was an American pathologist after whom the Rickettsiaceae family and the Rickettsiales are named. He was born in Findlay, Ohio.[1] In the early part of his career, Ricketts undertook research at Northwestern University on blastomycosis. He later worked in the Bitterroot Valley of Montana and at the University of Chicago on Rocky Mountain spotted fever. This early pathology, entomology and epidemiology research in Hamilton, Montana lead to the eventual formation of the Rocky Mountain Laboratory there. While in Montana, Ricketts and his assistant discovered that the vector that carried the pathogen for Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a tick,[2] the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni; some other species of ticks, such as the American dog or wood tick, Dermacentor variabilis, also are vectors). It was not at once clear what kind of organism the pathogen was; eventually it was named Rickettsia, the first of the Rickettsiales to be identified. However, for decades, until electron microscopy and other technologies became sufficiently advanced, it was not known whether Rickettsiales were bacteria, viruses, or something in between. They now are known to be bacteria specialised for intracellular parasitism.[3] Ricketts was devoted to his research and, on several occasions, injected himself with pathogens to study their effects.[1] The pathogen causing Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Rickettsia rickettsii was named after him. After this eponymous genus, the larger family and order were given their names. In 1910, Ricketts became interested in a strain of murine-carried typhus known as tabardillo due to a major outbreak in Mexico City, and the apparent similarity of the disease to spotted fever.[1] Days after isolating the organism that he believed caused typhus, he himself died of the disease.[4] Ricketts was survived by his wife, Myra Tubbs Ricketts, and children. His family established an annual student research prize, the Howard Taylor Ricketts Prize, at the University of Chicago in 1912.[5] References1. ^1 2 {{Citation| last = Weiss| first = Emilio | last2 = Strauss | first2 = Bernard S. | title = The Life and Career of Howard Taylor Ricketts | work = | publisher = The University of Chicago | journal = Reviews of Infectious Diseases | volume = 13 | issue = | pages = 1241–2 | date = 27 December 1990 | origyear = 1991 | url = http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/6/1241.full.pdf | format = PDF | doi = 10.1093/clinids/13.6.1241| accessdate = 28 April 2011}} 2. ^{{Cite journal | last = Margulis | first = Lynn | authorlink = | author2 = Betsy Palmer Eldridge | title = What a Revelation Any Science Is! | journal = ASM News | volume = 71 | issue = 2 | pages = 65–70 | publisher = The American Society for Microbiology | location = | year = 2005 | language = | url = http://www.asm.org/asm/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000001350/znw00205000065.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722231400/http://www.asm.org/asm/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000001350/znw00205000065.pdf | dead-url = yes | archive-date = 22 July 2011 | format = PDF | jstor = | issn = | doi = | id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = | accessdate = 28 April 2011 }} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Willey|first1=Joanne|last2=Sherwood|first2=Linda|last3=Woolverton|first3=Chris|title=Prescott's microbiology.|year=2010|publisher=McGraw-Hill Higher Education|location=New York|isbn=978-0077350130|edition=8th}} 4. ^{{Cite web | last = Enersen | first = Ole Daniel | authorlink = | title = Who Named It? A dictionary of medical eponyms | work = | publisher = | date = 1994–2011 | url = http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/3334.html | format = website | doi = | accessdate = 28 April 2011}} 5. ^{{Cite web| last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Building for a Long Future: The University of Chicago and its donors, 1889 - 1930 | work = | publisher = The University of Chicago Library | url = https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/spcl/excat/donors3.html#b | format = website | doi = | accessdate = 28 April 2011}} Further reading
External links
5 : American pathologists|Deaths from typhus|1871 births|1910 deaths|Rickettsiales |
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