| 词条 | Howard Theatre |
| 释义 |
| name = Howard Theatre | nickname = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | fullname = | former names = | logo_image = | logo_caption = | image = Howard Theater.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_alt = | caption = Exterior of theatre after renovation (c.2015) | address = 620 T St. NW Washington, D.C. 20001-5117 | location = Shaw | coordinates = | type = | genre = | broke_ground = | built = | opened = {{Start date|1910|08|22}} | renovated = 1941, 1972, 2012 | expanded = | closed = | demolished = | owner = Council of the District of Columbia | operator = Blue Note Entertainment Group | surface = | scoreboard = | production = | cost = | architect = J. Edward Storck | project_manager = | structural engineer = | services engineer = | general_contractor = | main_contractors = | seating_type = | capacity = 700 {{small|(Reserved)}} 1,100 {{small|(General Admission)}} | suites = | record_attendance = | dimensions = | field_shape = | acreage = | volume = | tenants = | embedded ={{Infobox building |embed=yes | ren_architect = | ren_firm = Martinez & Johnson Architecture, Marshall Moya Design | ren_engineer = | ren_str_engineer = Lundy & Franke Engineering | ren_serv_engineer = Metropolitan Engineering | ren_civ_engineer = Wiles Mensch Engineering | ren_oth_designers = | ren_qty_surveyor = | ren_contractor = Whiting-Turner | ren_cost = $30 million | opened_date = {{Start date|2012|04|09}} | ren_awards = DC Award for Excellence in Historic Resources {{small|(2012)}} }}{{Infobox NRHP |embed=yes | nrhp_type = cp | nocat = yes | partof = Greater U Street Historic District[1] | area = | added = February 15, 1974 | refnum=74002162[2] | architecture=Beaux-Arts | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Howard Theatre Restoration, Inc. }} | website = {{URL|http://thehowardtheatre.com/|Venue Website}} | publictransit = }} The Howard Theatre is a historic theater, located at 620 T Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. Opened in 1910, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.[3] In its heyday, the theater was known for catering to an African-American clientele, and had played host to many of the great Black musical artists of the early and mid-twentieth century. The Howard Theatre was billed as the "Theater of the People," and supported two theatrical organizations, the Lafayette Players and the Howard University Players.[4] In September 2010 extensive renovations were started to restore the theater to its former glory.[5] The theater reopened on April 9, 2012 to headline acts like Wanda Sykes, Blue Oyster Cult, and Chaka Khan, all appearing in the first month since reopening.[6] Early historyConstructed in 1910,[3] the theater was founded and owned by the National Amusement Company, a white-owned group.[4] When built, it had a capacity of more than 1,200.[4] Designed by J. Edward Storck,[3] the theater featured orchestra and balcony seats and eight proscenium boxes, with a lavishly decorated interior.[7] No less extravagant was the exterior, which combined elements of the Beaux-Arts, Italian Renaissance, and neoclassical styles.[7] The whole was surmounted by a larger than life statue of Apollo playing his lyre.[7] Andrew Thomas served as the theater's manager during its early years.[4] Beginning in 1922 it was leased and run by actor, producer, and entrepreneur Sherman Dudley.[4] It was taken over in 1926 by Abe Lichtman, the white owner of a chain of movie theaters that were frequented by Blacks.[4] With the onset of the Great Depression, the building became a church for a time under the direction of Elder Michaux.[8] In 1931, as part of the venue's return to its original purpose, Duke Ellington appeared with his band at "the Howard," helping also to cement the theater's reputation as an entertainment hotspot.[4][9] This rebirth was helped along by Shep Allen, the building's new manager.[4] In the 1930s Allen introduced an amateur contest that was used as a springboard to stardom by Billy Eckstine and Ella Fitzgerald.[4] The Howard Theatre lost its original ornate facade in 1941 when it was redone in the then-fashionable Streamline style. Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor would attend balls at the theater during World War II. These balls featured performers like Danny Kaye, Abbott and Costello and Cesar Romero, among others. Also in the 1940s, Pearl Bailey made her debut at the Howard Theatre.[4] The Howard Theatre turned into a house for rock 'n' roll and rhythm and blues during the 1950s and 1960s, when many important acts from both genres played there. Among the acts to grace the stage were Sarah Vaughan, Dinah Washington, Sammy Davis, Jr., James Brown, Lena Horne, Lionel Hampton, The Supremes, Stevie Wonder, and Dionne Warwick, Martha Reeves & The Vandellas, Marvin Gaye and Mary Wells[10] The 1968 riots, which followed the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., caused the venue a great deal of harm. The riots, coupled with desegregation, contributed to the theater's difficulty in attracting patrons, and the theater closed in 1970.[4] Three years later, in 1973, the Howard Theatre Foundation was organized to reopen the venue.[4] It was this organization which succeeded, in 1974, in gaining the building historic landmark status.[4] In April 1975, the New Howard Theatre Corporation presented an evening of entertainment to salute the reopening of the theater.[11] Redd Foxx and Melba Moore were among the acts featured at the theater's reopening.[4] Later in the decade, go-go bands played the venue,[4] and Chuck Brown and the Soul Searchers also performed at the Howard Theatre in the 1970s and 1980s.[4] In 1980, the theater closed again. At the time it was the oldest venue in the country that featured Black artists.[4] Under Mayor Marion Barry the theatre was purchased by the District government for $100,000.[32] In 2002, the DC Preservation League listed the Howard Theatre as one of its Most Endangered Places in the District.[12] ReopeningIn 2006, the Howard Theatre was returned to private ownership when Ellis Development was selected to renovate and restore the theatre.[13] The District set aside $20 million in public funding for the renovation.[13] Ellis Development, led by Chip Ellis and his son, Malik Ellis, formed Howard Theatre Development Group LLC. Through Howard Theatre Development Group, Ellis Development received nearly $12 million in District funds to redevelop and reopen the theatre.[36] To oversee management of the facility, Ellis Development created the nonprofit Howard Theatre Restoration Inc.[14][36][15] In September 2010, groundbreaking for extensive renovations of the theater was held.[5] The project's goals were to restore the Howard Theatre to 600 seats,[5] complementing developments at the adjacent Progression Place. Martinez + Johnson Architecture and Michael Marshall Design were responsible for the restoration, architecture, and design of the theater. The theater reopened for Community Day on April 9, 2012.[16] The grand opening event was held on April 10.[17] In 2015, it was revealed that the Howard Theatre Development Group was not paying possessory interest taxes, or property taxes applied on public land.[15] Attorney General Karl Racine had launched an investigation into the organization's finances.[15] ActsSince its reopening, it has hosted a diverse lineup of well-known acts, including Vic Mensa, Anthony Hamilton, Raheem DeVaughn, Chrisette Michele, Tamia, Dianne Reeves, Gregory Porter, Esperanza Spalding, José James, The Roots, Slick Rick, Drake, Chaka Khan, Sizzla, Aaron Neville, Kendrick Lamar,[14] and Sheila E.. The Doors featuring Scott Weiland External links{{Commons category|Howard Theatre}}
|url=http://cinematreasures.org/theater/7630/ |title=Howard Theatre |publisher=Cinema Treasures }} References1. ^{{Citation | last1 = Trieschmann | first1 = Laura V. | last2 = Sellin | first2 = Anne | last3 = Callcott | first3 = Stephen | date = November 1998 | title = National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Greater U Street Historic District | url = {{NRHP url|98001557}} | accessdate = March 31, 2015 | format = PDF }}. {{Registered Historic Places}}{{Music venues of Washington D.C.}}2. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=74002162}}|format=pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form / Howard Theater|publisher=National Park Service|last=Ganschinietz|first=Suzanne|date=30 August 1973}} {{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=74002162|photos=y}}|format=pdf|title=Accompanying photo|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2013-03-23}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{cite web|url=http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/info-url3948/info-url_show.htm?doc_id=204895&attrib_id=7970 |title=Howard Theatre|department=African American Heritage Trail Database|website=Cultural Tourism DC|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018042614/http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/info-url3948/info-url_show.htm?doc_id=204895&attrib_id=7970|archivedate=2006-10-18}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.borderstan.com/09/howard-theatre-renovation-begins-with-groundbreaking/|title=Howard Theatre Renovation Begins with Groundbreaking|website=borderstan.com|date=3 September 2010 }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://dc.curbed.com/archives/2012/02/howard-theater-reopens-april-29th.php|title=Howard Theatre Re-Opens This April With Many Famous Performers Scheduled To Appear|first=Amy Rose|last=Dobson|website=Curbed DC|date=28 February 2012}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Howard Theatre|url=http://ascribehq.com/martinezjohnson-architecture/portfolio/5066|website=Martinez + Johnson Architecture|accessdate=2013-03-23}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=|title=At the Howard: The Search for a D.C. Legend|newspaper=Washington Star|last=Coburn|first=Randy|date=29 October 1978}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=Howard Theatre Gala Re-Opening Program|publisher=New Howard Theatre Corporation|year=1975}} (found at Historical Society of Washington, DC library) 10. ^{{cite press release|title=Howard Theatre Restoration Inc. Unveils Plans for Theatre and Invites Community to Document History|url=http://www.howardtheatre.org/Press_Releases/Release_2-22-07.pdf|format=pdf|publisher=Historical Society of Washington, DC|date=22 February 2007}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=Howard Theatre Gala Re-Opening Program|year=1975|publisher=New Howard Theatre Corporation (found at Historical Society of Washington, DC library)}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Most Endangered Places for 2002, Historic Theaters |url=http://www.dcpreservation.org/endangered/2002/theatres.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20021202131120/http://www.dcpreservation.org/endangered/2002/theatres.html|archivedate=2002-12-02 |website=DC Preservation League}} 13. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2006/09/11/story7.html |title=Ellis group plots encore for D.C.'s Howard Theatre|first=Sean|last=Madigan|newspaper=Washington Business Journal|date=11 September 2006 }} 14. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/money-problems-and-no-name-acts-the-howard-theatre-is-struggling-again/2016/04/03/da0e2122-cb71-11e5-ae11-57b6aeab993f_story.html |title=Money problems and no-name acts: The Howard Theatre is struggling. Again.|first=Lavanya|last=Ramanathan |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=4 April 2016 }} 15. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/digger/wp/2015/12/06/howard-theatre-owes-big-tax-bill-comes-under-review-by-attorney-general/ |title=Howard Theatre owes big tax bill, comes under review by attorney general|first=Jonathan|last=O'Connell|newspaper=Washington Business Journal|date=6 December 2015 }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.borderstan.com/04/howard-theater-ready-to-open/|title=Monday: Howard Theatre Community Day |website=borderstan.com|date=8 April 2012 }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.borderstan.com/04/howard-theatre-reopens-with-a-party/|title=Howard Theatre Reopens with a Party|website=borderstan.com|date=12 April 2012}} 9 : Theatres in Washington, D.C.|Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.|Theatres completed in 1910|Beaux-Arts architecture in Washington, D.C.|African-American history of Washington, D.C.|1910 establishments in Washington, D.C.|Historic district contributing properties in Washington, D.C.|Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Washington, D.C.|Historically African-American theaters and music venues |
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