| 词条 | Hugh Cecil, 1st Baron Quickswood |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = The Lord Quickswood | honorific-suffix = PC | image = Hugh Cecil, 1st Baron Quickswood, ca. 1914.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Lord Hugh Cecil, circa 1914 | birth_date = 14 October 1869 | birth_place = Hertfordshire, England | death_date = 10 December 1956 (aged 87) | death_place = Sussex, England | nationality = British | relations = Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (father), Georgina Caroline Alderson (mother) | party = Conservative | alma_mater = University College, Oxford }}Hugh Richard Heathcote Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Baron Quickswood PC (14 October 1869 – 10 December 1956), styled Lord Hugh Cecil until 1941, was a British Conservative Party politician.[1] Background and educationCecil was the eighth and youngest child of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and Georgina Alderson, daughter of Sir Edward Hall Alderson. He was the brother of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury, Lord William Cecil, Lord Cecil of Chelwood and Lord Edward Cecil and a first cousin of Prime Minister Arthur Balfour. He was educated at Eton and University College, Oxford. He graduated with first-class honours in Modern History in 1891 [2] and was a Fellow of Hertford College, Oxford from 1891 until 1936, when he thought he could not be Provost of Eton and a Fellow of Hertford simultaneously.[3] Political careerAfter his graduation as BA in 1891, Cecil went to work in parliament. From 1891 to 1892 he was Assistant Private Secretary to his father, who was Foreign Secretary.[3] He graduated as MA in 1894, and entered the Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Greenwich in 1895.[4][5] He took a keen interest in ecclesiastical questions and became an active member of the Church party, resisting attempts by nonconformists and secularists to take the discipline of the Church out of the hands of the archbishops and bishops, and to remove the bishops from their seats in the House of Lords. In a speech on the second reading of Balfour's Education Bill of 1902, he maintained that for the final settlement of the religious difficulty there must be cooperation between the Church of England and nonconformity, which was the Church's natural ally; and that the only possible basis of agreement was that every child should be brought up in the belief of its parents. The ideal to be aimed at in education was the improvement of the national character. In the later stages of the bill's progress, he warmly resented an amendment approved by the House and taken over by the Ministry giving the managers, instead of the incumbent of the parish, the control of religious education in non-provided schools. This was not the only point on which he showed considerable independence of the government of which Balfour, his cousin, was the head.[6] During the early 20th century, Cecil (known to his friends as "Linky") was the eponymous leader of the Hughligans, a group of privileged young Tory Members of Parliament critical of their own party's leadership. Modelled after Lord Randolph Churchill's Fourth Party, the Hughligans included Cecil, F. E. Smith, Arthur Stanley, Ian Malcolm and, until 1904, Winston Churchill. Cecil was the best man at Churchill's wedding in 1908 and the latter greatly admired his eloquence in the House of Commons. As Churchill declared to a contemporary, Llewellyn Atherley-Jones,"How I wish I had his powers; speech is a painful effort to me." [7] Cecil dissented from the beginning from Joseph Chamberlain's policy of tariff reform, pleading in Parliament against any devaluation of the idea of empire to a "gigantic profit-sharing business". He took a prominent position among the "Free Food Unionists", and consequently was attacked by the tariff reformers and lost his seat at Greenwich in 1906.[6] In 1910 Cecil became an MP for Oxford University, which he represented for the next 27 years.[8] He immediately threw himself with passion into the struggle against the Ministerial Veto Resolutions, comparing the Asquith government to "thimble riggers". In the next year, he was active in the resistance to the Parliament Bill, treating Asquith as a "traitor" for his advice to the Crown to create peers, and taking a prominent part in the disturbance which prevented the Prime Minister from being heard on 24 July 1911. But he never quite regained the authority which he had possessed in the House in the early years of the century. He strongly opposed the Welsh Church Bill, and he denounced the 1914 Home Rule Bill as reducing Ireland from the status of a wife to that of a mistress — she was to be kept by John Bull, not united to him.[6] In 1916 Cecil was part of the Mesopotamia Commission of Inquiry. He was sworn of the Privy Council on 16 January[9] 1918.[10] Apart from his political career Cecil served as a Lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War. In that capacity, in debate in 1918, he severely censured the treatment of General Trenchard by the government. Lord Hugh was a committed Anglican, and a member of House of Laity in the Church Assembly from 1919. He was awarded a Doctorate of Civil Law by Oxford University in 1924. He pleaded for lenient treatment of conscientious objectors, and endeavoured unsuccessfully to relieve them of disability.[6] He left the House of Commons in 1937 because the year before he had been appointed Provost of Eton College, a post he retained until 1944.[3] On 25 January 1941 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Quickswood, of Clothall in the County of Hertford.[11] He was a Trustee of the London Library, and an honorary Doctor of Civil Law at Durham University. He was also honorary Doctor of Laws at University of Edinburgh in 1910, and at Cambridge in 1933. From 1944 he had an honorary association with New College, Oxford for the rest of his life.[9] Styles of address
Personal lifeLord Quickswood never married. He died on 10 December 1956, aged 87, at which time the barony became extinct.[3] Publications
References1. ^Hansard person page online accessed May 2009 2. ^Oxford University Calendar 1895, p.271 3. ^1 2 3 thepeerage.com Hugh Richard Heathcote Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st and last Baron Quickswood 4. ^{{London Gazette |issue=26651 |date=9 August 1895 |page=4481 }} 5. ^leighrayment.com House of Commons: Gorbals to Guildford 6. ^1 2 3 {{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Cecil, Lord Hugh Richard Heathcote}} 7. ^{{L.A. Atherley-Jones, Looking Back: Reminiscences of a Political Career (London, 1925), p. 108}} 8. ^leighrayment.com House of Commons: Ochil to Oxford University 9. ^1 Burke's Peerage & Baronetage (106th ed.) (Salisbury) 10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30484 |date=18 January 1918 |page=983 }} 11. ^{{London Gazette |issue=35068 |date=7 February 1941 |page=752 }} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|Hugh Cecil, 1st Baron Quickswood}}
| title = Member of Parliament for Greenwich | years = 1895 – 1906 | before = Sir Thomas Boord | after = Richard Jackson }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Oxford University | with = Sir William Anson, Bt 1910–1914 | with2 = Rowland Prothero 1914–1919 | with3 = Sir Charles Oman 1919–1935 | with4 = Sir A. P. Herbert 1935–1937 | years = Jan. 1910 – 1937 | before = Sir William Anson, Bt John Gilbert Talbot | after = Sir A. P. Herbert Sir Arthur Salter }}{{s-aca}}{{succession box | title=Provost of Eton | before=M. R. James | after=Henry Marten | years=1936–1944}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-new | creation }}{{s-ttl | title = Baron Quickswood | years = 1941–1956 }}{{s-non | reason = Extinct }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Quickswood, Hugh Cecil, 1st Baron}} 25 : 1869 births|1956 deaths|Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|Children of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom|Fellows of Hertford College, Oxford|Alumni of University College, Oxford|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|British Army personnel of World War I|Royal Flying Corps officers|People educated at Eton College|Younger sons of marquesses|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Oxford|UK MPs 1895–1900|UK MPs 1900–06|UK MPs 1910|UK MPs 1910–18|UK MPs 1918–22|UK MPs 1922–23|UK MPs 1923–24|UK MPs 1924–29|UK MPs 1929–31|UK MPs 1931–35|UK MPs 1935–45|Cecil family |
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