| 词条 | Hugh Fraser (British politician) |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = Major The Right Honourable |name = Sir Hugh Fraser |honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MBE|MP}} |image = Sir Hugh Fraser in 1963.jpg |office = Secretary of State for Air |term_start = 16 July 1962 |term_end = 1 April 1964 |primeminister = Harold Macmillan Alec Douglas-Home |predecessor = Julian Amery |successor = Office Abolished |office1 = Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies |term_start1 = 28 October 1960 |term_end1 = 16 July 1962 |primeminister1 = Harold Macmillan |predecessor1 = Julian Amery |successor1 = Nigel Fisher |office2 = Under-Secretary of State and Financial Secretary for War |term_start2 = 28 November 1958 |term_end2 = 28 October 1960 |primeminister2 = Harold Macmillan |predecessor2 = Julian Amery |successor2 = James Ramsden |office3 = Member of Parliament for Stafford {{small|Stafford and Stone (1950–1983)}} {{small|Stone (1945–1950)}} |predecessor3 = Joseph Lamb |successor3 = Bill Cash |term_start3 = 5 July 1945 |term_end3 = 6 March 1984 |birth_date = {{birth date|1918|1|23|df=y}} |birth_place = Westminster, London, England[1] |death_date = {{death date and age|1984|3|6|1918|1|23|df=y}} |death_place = Lambeth, London, England[2] |alma_mater = Balliol College, Oxford |spouse = {{marriage|Antonia Pakenham |1956|1977|end=divorced}} |children = 6 |occupation = Politician |party = Conservative Party }} Major The Right Honourable Sir Hugh Charles Patrick Joseph Fraser, {{postnominals|country=GBR|MBE|size=100}} (23 January 1918 – 6 March 1984) was a British Conservative politician and first husband of Lady Antonia Fraser. Youth and military careerFraser was a younger son of the 14th Lord Lovat and a prominent Roman Catholic. He was educated at Ampleforth College and Balliol College, Oxford, where he was President of the Oxford Union. He also attended the Sorbonne. He was commissioned into the Lovat Scouts in 1936 and served throughout World War II. During the war, Fraser served in GHQ Liaison Regiment. Lieutenant Fraser was promoted to temporary captain on 14 April 1942 and became second in command of ‘C’ Squadron. In November 1944, he was posted to IS9 as an Intelligence Officer. Fraser was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire: "In February, March and April of this year, he was responsible for planning and organising infiltration and evacuation operations in Southern Holland. Throughout, his work with IS 9 (WEA) has been outstanding, and his powers of leadership and sympathetic handling of agents have largely contributed to the success the operational teams have had during the past months."Fraser was awarded the 1940 Belgian Croix de Guerre with palm: "Capt Fraser was dropped by parachute near Somme-Leuze in the Ardennes on 1 Sept 1944 to act as Liaison Officer between HQ SAS Troops and the Commander of Zone the Belgian Armee Secrete, in whose zone SAS parties of the Belgian SAS Regt were then operating. The Armee Secrete in the Ardennes was very short of arms and it was largely as a result of Capt Fraser's efforts that some 2000 arms were dropped to them in the next three weeks. He also organised the supply of local guides and of intelligence to the advancing US forces. From October 1944 until March 1945 Capt Fraser was in charge of an I.S. 9 Field Section in the Canadian Army sector in Holland where he did valuable work in arranging the exfiltration of allied evaders collected by Lt Kirschen (Belgian SAS Regt operation Fabian) in the Velune district." Political careerFraser was elected Member of Parliament for Stone in 1945, later Stafford and Stone following constituency boundary changes, from 1950 until 1983 and then Stafford again until his death. He served as an MP continuously from 1945 until 1984 but did not become Father of the House as he was sworn in as an MP on 15 August 1945 while James Callaghan had been sworn in on 2 August 1945 and so he, rather than Fraser, became Father following the 1983 election. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Oliver Lyttelton (1951–54), a junior minister in the War Office (1958–60) and Colonial Office (1960–62), and Secretary of State for Air (1962–64). He was sworn in as a Member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1962, giving him the right to the prefix "The Right Honourable" for life. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the Conservative Party's 1975 leadership election, gaining 16 votes in the first round challenging incumbent Edward Heath, with the leadership eventually being won by Margaret Thatcher. Personal life{{refimprove section|date=May 2017}}Fraser married the future author Lady Antonia Pakenham, daughter of the Earl and Countess of Longford, on 25 September 1956. They had six children, Benjamin, Damian, Orlando, Rebecca, Flora and Natasha. In 1975, while she was still married to him, Lady Antonia Fraser met and started living with playwright Harold Pinter, who was also married at the time. The Frasers divorced in 1977; Lady Antonia married Pinter in 1980 when his divorce became final. Fraser was the intended target of an IRA car bomb on 23 October 1975.[3] The bomb had been fitted to one of Fraser's cars outside his home in Campden Hill Square. A noted cancer researcher, Professor Gordon Hamilton Fairley, was walking past the car when the bomb exploded prematurely, killing him instantly. Fraser's wife, Lady Antonia, and Caroline Kennedy, a guest of the Frasers visiting London to complete a year-long art course at Sotheby's auction house, would have been in the car when the bomb detonated had it not done so prematurely. The reason that Fraser was targeted for assassination remains unknown.[4] DeathSir Hugh Fraser remained in parliament until his death from lung cancer in March 1984, aged 66. Bill Cash retained the seat for the Tories at the by-election two months later.[5] References1. ^England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1916-2007 2. ^England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1916-2007 3. ^{{cite book|last=Moysey|first=Steven|title=The Road to Balcombe Street: The IRA Reign of Terror in London|publisher=Haworth Press|year=2008|page=108|isbn=978-0-7890-2913-3}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/24/archives/bomb-kills-a-doctor-near-london-home-of-caroline-kennedy-a-narrow.html?sq=caroline%2520kennedy&scp=12&st=cse|title=Bomb Kills a Doctor Near London Home of Caroline Kennedy; A Narrow Escape for Miss Kennedy|first=Bernard|last=Weinraub|work=The New York Times|format=paid archive|date=24 October 1975|accessdate=5 December 2008|page=1}} 5. ^[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D06E4DA1539F934A35750C0A962948260 Obituary: Sir Hugh Fraser], nytimes.com; accessed 7 May 2017. Sources
|years=1945 – 1950}}{{s-non|reason=Constituency abolished}}{{s-new|constituency}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Stafford and Stone |years=1950 – 1983}}{{s-non|reason=Constituency abolished}}{{s-new|constituency}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Stafford |years=1983 – 1984}}{{s-aft|after=Bill Cash}}{{s-off}}{{succession box | title = Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies | years = 1960 – 1962 | before = Julian Amery | after = Nigel Fisher }}{{s-end}}{{Conservative Party leadership election, 1975}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fraser, Hugh}} 34 : 1918 births|1984 deaths|Politicians from London|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Deaths from cancer in England|Deaths from lung cancer|Clan Fraser|British Secretaries of State|Secretaries of State for Air (UK)|British Roman Catholics|University of Paris alumni|Presidents of the Oxford Union|British Army personnel of World War II|People educated at Ampleforth College|Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford|Knights Bachelor|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Members of the Order of the British Empire|Tennant family|Younger sons of barons|UK MPs 1945–50|UK MPs 1950–51|UK MPs 1951–55|UK MPs 1955–59|UK MPs 1959–64|UK MPs 1964–66|UK MPs 1966–70|UK MPs 1970–74|UK MPs 1974|UK MPs 1974–79|UK MPs 1979–83|UK MPs 1983–87|Lovat Scouts officers|Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) |
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