| 词条 | Humera | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| official_name = Humera | native_name = ሑመራ | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Humera.png | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of the Tigray Region.svg{{!}}Flag of the Tigray Region | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ethiopia | coordinates = {{coord|14|18|N|36|37|E|region:ET|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Ethiopia | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_type2 = Zone | subdivision_type3 = Woreda | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name1 = Tigray | subdivision_name2 = Mi'irabawi (Western) | subdivision_name3 = Kafta Humera | subdivision_name4 = | established_title = Seat for Kafta Humera Woreda | established_date = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 585 | elevation_ft = | population_total = 21653 | population_as_of = 2007 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = | city_logo = | citylogo_size = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | timezone = EAT | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | blank_name = | blank_info = | blank1_name = | blank1_info = }} Humera (Ge'ez ሑመራ) is a city in Kafta Humera woreda in the Tigray Region (or kilil) of Ethiopia. It is located in the Mi'irabawi Zone of the Tigray Region at longitude and latitude {{coord|14|18|N|36|37|E}}, with an elevation of {{Convert|585|m|ft}} above sea level and the Tekezé river runs to the west. Humera is the last important Ethiopian city south of the border with Eritrea and Sudan, and is considered to be a strategically important gateway to Sudan. History20th centuryPrior to the Ethiopian revolution, large agricultural businesses were established to grow soybean and other crops for export. By 1971, there were 700,000 hectares being farmed.[2] Humera is part of the Wolqayt-Tsegede area, which historically has been part of the former province of Semien. During the Ethiopian Civil War, Teranafit and its successor, the Ethiopian Democratic Union (EDU), drew much of their support from the commercial farmers of Humera and Wolqayit, and gained control of Humera in early 1977; Derg forces with tanks and armored cars retook Humera on 10 June, and the officers of the EDU fled to Sudan.[3] The Derg used Humera as a base for military campaigns against the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) until their Third Revolutionary Army was crushed in the Battle of Shire on 19 February 1989; this forced the government to withdraw its garrison at Humera a few days later, and by the end of the month evacuate Tigray entirely. The TPLF then took control of the area, and created a supply line out of reach of the Derg.[4] In the first few months after the beginning of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War, most of the population fled south to the villages of Ba'eker (11,000), May Kedra (5,000), and Bereket (4,000). These refugees have since returned home.[5] 21st centuryOn 13 March 2008, a bomb exploded on a public bus in Humera, which killed eight persons and wounded at least 27 more. The government arrested the alleged perpetrators, who testified in court they had acted on behalf of dissident groups supported by Eritrea. Their trial was still in process at the end of the year.[6] DemographicsBased on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this town has a total population of 21,653, of whom 11,395 are men and 10,258 women; this is an increase of 14,451 over the 1994 national census. With an area of 153.03 square kilometers, Humera has a population density of 141.50. A total of 49.84% households were counted in this woreda, resulting in an average of 6,360 persons to a household, and 3.40 housing units. The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 93.18% reporting that as their religion, while 6.45% of the population were Muslim.[7] Ethnic demographics of Kafta Humera woreda[8]
GeographyHumera is located in northwestern Ethiopia. By road it is {{convert|984|km|mi|abbr=on}} northwest of Addis Ababa, {{convert|515|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Mek'ele, and {{convert|267|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of Shire. The Tekezé river runs to the west of Humera. The city is spread on the east bank of the river. Humera is located at altitude ranges from 585 m above sea level. ClimateHumera has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh). The overall climate throughout the year is mild and dry. The annual rainfall ranges between 400 to 600 mm, with most of the rain falling in the rainy season (June up to September). {{Weather box|location=Humera, Tigray, Ethiopia|single line=Y|metric first=Y|Jan high C=36.4|Feb high C=37.9|Mar high C=41.2|Apr high C=41.7|May high C=41.2|Jun high C=39.2|Jul high C=33.9|Aug high C=33|Sep high C=34.2|Oct high C=37.4|Nov high C=38.3|Dec high C=36.9|year high C=|Jan mean C=27|Feb mean C=28.4|Mar mean C=30.3|Apr mean C=31.7|May mean C=31.7|Jun mean C=30.3|Jul mean C=27.1|Aug mean C=26.8|Sep mean C=27.2|Oct mean C=28.7|Nov mean C=29.4|Dec mean C=28.3|year mean C=|Jan low C=17.5|Feb low C=18.8|Mar low C=22.2|Apr low C=21.6|May low C=22.2|Jun low C=21.3|Jul low C=20.3|Aug low C=20.6|Sep low C=20|Oct low C=20|Nov low C=20.5|Dec low C=19.6|year low C=|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=0|Feb rain mm=0|Mar rain mm=0|Apr rain mm=1|May rain mm=45|Jun rain mm=72|Jul rain mm=171|Aug rain mm=195|Sep rain mm=123|Oct rain mm=7|Nov rain mm=6|Dec rain mm=0|unit rain days=|source 1=http://www.levoyageur.net/weather-city-HUMERA.html}}EconomyThe population increases dramatically during the farming season each year, when migrant workers arrive from all over the country. Sesame, sorghum, and Arabic gum are among the most common crops. TransportHumera is served by Humera Airport (ICAO code HAHU, IATA HUE). Although it has not been operational due to an ongoing border dispute, on 26 July 2009 after three years of construction by the Ethiopian Airports Enterprise, the airport was officially reopened. A runway three kilometers long and 45 meters wide was constructed, capable of handling present-day aircraft including Antonov 124s.[9] The airport was opened at the cost of 182 million birr. Ethiopian Airlines serves the airport with destinations to Addis Ababa and Mek'ele. The opening of the airport was aimed at increasing the agricultural sector in the region as well as providing commercial air service in Humera. References1. ^ {{Woredas of the Mi'irabawi Zone}}2. ^{{Cite book|title=The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974|last=Tibebu|first=Teshale|publisher=The Red Sea Press|year=1995|isbn=1569020019|location=Trenton, New Jersey|pages=155}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/h/ORTHOS05.pdf |title=Hosaina - Hwate |work=Local History in Ethiopia |publisher=The Nordic Africa Institute |page=7 |year=2005 |accessdate=2011-04-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529011123/http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/h/ORTHOS05.pdf |archivedate=29 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^Gebru Tareke, The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa (New Haven: Yale University, 2009), p. 284 5. ^EUE: Tigray Evacuees, 12/98 6. ^[https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/119001.htm "2008 Human Rights Reports: Ethiopia"], Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, US State Department (accessed 8 July 2009) 7. ^Census 2007 Tables: Tigray Region {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114010300/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=275&format=raw&Itemid=521 |date=14 November 2010 }}, Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.5 and 3.4. 8. ^{{Cite book|title=The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Tigray Region|last=|first=|publisher=Central Statistical Authority|year=1995|isbn=|location=Addis Ababa, Ethiopia|pages=70}} 9. ^"Ethiopia inaugurates international airport at Humera", Ethiopian News Agency 26 July 2009 (accessed 1 November 2009) 2 : Eritrea–Ethiopia border crossings|Populated places in the Tigray Region |
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