| 词条 | Humpback smooth-hound |
| 释义 |
| name = Humpback smooth-hound | image = Mustelus whitneyi SI.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Mustelus | species = whitneyi | authority = Chirichigno F., 1973 | range_map = Mustelus whitneyi distmap.png | range_map_upright = 1.2 }} The humpback smooth-hound (Mustelus whitneyi) is a houndshark of the family Triakidae. It is found on the continental shelves of the tropical southeast Pacific, from Peru to southern Chile, between latitudes 3° S and 54° S, at depths between {{convert|15|and|210|m|ft|-1}}. Its conservation status is considered to be "vulnerable" by the IUCN. DescriptionThe humpback smooth-hound is a small shark growing to a length of up to {{convert|87|cm|0|abbr=on}}. It has a sturdy body with a moderately long, broad, sharply angled snout and large eyes, set widely apart. The mouth is fairly long and the upper lip furrows are longer than the lower ones. The teeth have a main pointed cusp and sometimes smaller subsidiary ones. The first dorsal fin is approximately triangular and the trailing edge is fringed with bare, dark-coloured collagen rods known as ceratotrichia. The pectoral fins are large and the pelvic fins moderately so. The caudal peduncle is short and the lower lobe of the tail fin is hardly curved in adults. The colour of this shark is plain grey or greyish-brown without any spots or barring.[2] DistributionThe humpback smooth-hound is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru and Chile, between 1°N and 45°S. Its depth range is between {{convert|16|and|211|m|-1|abbr=on}} but it is most common between {{convert|70|and|100|m|-1|abbr=on}}. It is found near the seabed, often on rocky shores, where it feeds on small fish and crustaceans such as crabs and mantis shrimps. It is viviparous and the females bear litters of five to ten young which are about {{convert|25|cm|0|abbr=on}} long when born.[3] StatusThe humpback smooth-hound is fished for human consumption in Chile but more particularly in Peru, where it is more common.[1] Along with the spotted houndshark (Triakis maculata) and the speckled smooth-hound (Mustelus mento) it is known as "tollo" in its local fisheries, and of the three species it is the humpback smooth-hound that is the main target of the tollo fishery in Peru.[1] Landings averaging 11,000 tons of tollo per year were made in that country between 1965 and 1989, but quantities caught diminished thereafter. A minimum size requirement of {{convert|60|cm|0|abbr=on}} was set in 2001 but was pitched so low as to have limited conservation effect. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has rated the status of the humpback smooth-hound as being "vulnerable" and considers more should be done to publicise and enforce the size limit.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal | author = Romero, M. | title = Mustelus whitneyi | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2007 | page = e.T63129A12619394 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2007 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/63129/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63129A12619394.en | access-date = 11 January 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=sharks&id=421 |title=Humpback smooth-hound (Mustelus whitneyi) |author=Compagno, L.J.V. |work=Sharks of the World |publisher=Marine Species Identification Portal |accessdate=2014-08-31}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Mustelus-whitneyi.html |title=Mustelus whitneyi Chirichigno F., 1973: Humpback smooth-hound |publisher=FishBase |accessdate=2014-08-31}} External links{{Commons category|Mustelus whitneyi}}
3 : Mustelus|Western South American coastal fauna|Fish described in 1973 |
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