| 词条 | Hungry Horse Dam |
| 释义 |
| name = Hungry Horse Dam | image = Hngryh2.jpg | image_size = 220 | image_caption = | name_official = | dam_crosses = South Fork Flathead River | location = Flathead County, near Hungry Horse, Montana, U.S. | dam_type = Concrete thick arch dam | dam_length = {{Convert|2115|ft|abbr=on}}[1] | dam_height = {{Convert|564|ft|abbr=on}}[1] | plant_hydraulic_head = {{Convert|520|ft|abbr=on}}[1] | dam_width_base = {{Convert|320|ft}}[1] | dam_width_crest = {{Convert|34|ft|1}}[1] | dam_volume = {{Convert|2934500|cuyd|m3|abbr=on}}[1] | spillway_type = Gated Morning Glory[1] | spillway_capacity = {{Convert|50000|ft3/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}[1] | construction_began = April 21, 1948[9] | opening = July 18, 1953[10] {{Time ago|1953}} | cost = | owner = | operator = U.S. Bureau of Reclamation | res_name = Hungry Horse Reservoir[1] | res_capacity_total = {{convert|3467179|acre.ft|km3|2}}[1] | res_catchment = {{Convert|1640|sqmi}}[1] | res_elevation = {{convert|3560|ft|0}} above sea level | res_surface = | res_max_depth = | plant_type = C | plant_operator = | plant_turbines = 4 x 107 MW Francis turbines[1] | plant_capacity = 428 MW[1] | plant_annual_gen = 1,086,250,400 KWh (2012)[1] | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | location_map = USA West#Montana | location_map_caption = | location_map_size = | coordinates = {{coord|48.341|N|114.014|W|type:landmark_source:gnis|display=inline,title}} | website = | extra = }} Hungry Horse Dam is an arch dam in the western United States, on the South Fork Flathead River in the Rocky Mountains of northwest Montana. It is located in Flathead National Forest in Flathead County, about {{convert|15|mi|spell=in}} south of the west entrance to Glacier National Park, {{convert|9|mi|spell=in}} southeast of Columbia Falls, and {{convert|20|mi|spell=in}} northeast of Kalispell. The Hungry Horse project, dam, and powerplant are operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The entrance road leading to the dam is located in Hungry Horse. Dimensions and statisticsAt {{convert|564|ft}} in height, the dam was the third largest and second highest concrete dam in the world at the time of its completion in 1953,[2] with a volume of {{Convert|3,100,000| cuyd|m3}}.[1] The dam's spillway is the highest morning glory structure in the world.[3] The spillway is controlled by a {{convert|64|by|12|ft|m|adj=on}} {{nowrap|ring gate.[4]}} The surface elevation of the reservoir is {{convert|3560|ft|0}} above sea level. HistoryConstruction was authorized by the Act of June 5, 1944 (58 Stat. 270, Public Law 78-329), and began {{Time ago|1948}} in April 1948; it was completed on July 16, 1953. The purposes of the Hungry Horse Project authorized by law are irrigation, flood control, navigation, streamflow regulation, hydroelectric generation, and other beneficial uses such as recreation.[2] However, no irrigation facilities were built and the project has no irrigation obligations. Hydroelectric power generation is the primary purpose of the dam today. Flood control is the dam's other main purpose. The dam, reservoir, and surrounding area are used for recreation. However, the once great lower gorge (Montana's best whitewater) lies submerged underneath.[4] Hydroelectric power generationThe project contributes to hydroelectric power generation not only at Hungry Horse Dam, but by storing and releasing water for use by downriver hydroelectric dams on the Flathead, Clark Fork, Pend Oreille, and Columbia rivers. About a billion kilowatt–hours are generated annually at Hungry Horse Dam, while in an average year the release water will generate about 4.6 billion kilowatt–hours of power as it passes through the series of downstream powerplants.[2] Power generating facilities at Hungry Horse Dam are housed in a building constructed across the river channel at the downstream toe of the dam. The original design included four 71,250-kilowatt generators—a total of 285 megawatts installed capacity. The generator capacity was uprated in the 1990s to 107,000 kilowatts each for a total capacity of 428 megawatts.[2] Nearby and downstream, an aluminum production plant was constructed in the mid-1950s, northeast of Columbia Falls.[5] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Hungry Horse Powerplant |publisher = U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |url = http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Powerplant.jsp?fac_Name=Hungry%20Horse%20Powerplant |accessdate = 1 November 2010 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141129144540/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Powerplant.jsp?fac_Name=Hungry%20Horse%20Powerplant |archivedate = 29 November 2014 |df = }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title= Hungry Horse Project |publisher= U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |url= http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Hungry%20Horse%20Project&pageType=ProjectPage |accessdate= 1 November 2010 }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web |title= Hungry Horse Dam |publisher= U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |url= http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Hungry+Horse+Dam |accessdate= 1 November 2010 }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |title= Hungry Horse Project History |last= Stene |first= Eric A. |publisher= U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |url= https://www.usbr.gov/history/ProjectHistories/HUNGRY%20HORSE%20PROJECT.pdf |accessdate= 1 November 2010 }} 5. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WawnAAAAIBAJ&sjid=V-YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7403%2C5019452 |work=Spokesman-Review |location=(Spokane, Washington)|last=Ruder |first=Mel |title=Anaconda aluminum plant past halfway mark |agency=(photo) |date=November 14, 1954|page=27}} External links{{stack|{{Portal|Montana|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
13 : Dams in Montana|Buildings and structures in Flathead County, Montana|Hydroelectric power plants in Montana|Reservoirs in Montana|Flathead National Forest|Protected areas of Flathead County, Montana|United States Bureau of Reclamation dams|Energy infrastructure completed in 1953|Dams completed in 1953|Dams on the Flathead River|Arch dams|Landforms of Flathead County, Montana|1953 establishments in Montana |
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