| 词条 | Hussainiya | ||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
A ḥosayniya or hussainiya ({{lang-fa|حسینیه}} hoseyniye), also known as an ashurkhana, imambargah, or imambara, is a congregation hall for Twelver Shia Muslim commemoration ceremonies, especially those associated with the Mourning of Muharram.[1] The name comes from Husayn ibn Ali, the third of the Twelve Imams and the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Husayn was killed at the Battle of Karbala on 10 October 680 CE during the reign of Umayyad Caliph Yazid I. The Shia commemorate his martyrdom every year on Ashura, the 10th day of Muharram.[2] There are also other ceremonies which are held during the year in hussainiyas, including religious commemorations unrelated to Ashura.[3] HistoryFrom the time of the Safavid was ruling in Iran, when Shia tended to hold the religious and mourning ceremonies, not only the passageways or the roofed places were used for the religious communities, even to make the Hoseynias and also Takyeh(s) became commonplace. Any Hosseynia had some booths (or rooms) and arcades, both in large and small sizes. Also in many allays and streets, on the days near Ashoura, the religious people blackened the walls and the roofs and illuminated them, by the colorful lights… From the age of Zand, many bigger and vaster Takye(s) was made just to hold Tazia, where there was a stage by the height of one meter from the floor, to show the different senses of Tazieh.[4] TerminologyA hussainiya is different from a mosque in that it is intended mainly for gatherings for Muharram in the mourning of Hussain ibn Ali, and also the other Shia Imams, and may not necessarily hold jumu'ah (Friday congregational prayer). In South Asia, a hussainiya can also be referred to as an imambara, imambargah, or ashurkhana. In Afghanistan and Central Asia, it is also called a takyakhana. In Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates, it is called a ma'tam ({{lang-ar|مأتم}}). Notable hussainias
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Juan Eduardo Campo|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA318|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2696-8|pages=318–}} {{commons category|Shi'a hussainia}}{{Islamic architecture}}2. ^{{Iranica|ḤOSAYNIYA}} 3. ^[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/174729/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D8%AF Hussainiahs and Takkiahs] mashreghnews.ir 4. ^The Iranian social history, (تاریخ اجتماعی ایران) written in persian, V 5, P 340 6 : Hussainia|Islamic architectural elements|Islamic architecture|Husayn ibn Ali|Islamic terminology|Battle of Karbala |
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