| 词条 | Hutovo Blato |
| 释义 |
| name = Hutovo Blato | iucn_category = III | iucn_ref = | photo = Hutovo Blato clear cold water.jpg | photo_caption = Crystal clear, cold water of this unusual kind of marsh, Hutovo Blato Nature Park, Bosnia and Herzegovina. | map = Bosnia and Herzegovina | map_image = | map_size = | map_caption = Location in Bosnia and Herzegovina | relief = | location = Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina | nearest_city = | nearest_town = | coordinates = {{coord|43.06|17.79|type:landmark_region:BA_dim:10000|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | length = | length_mi = | length_km = | width = | width_mi = | width_km = | area_km2 = 74.11 | area_ref = | elevation = | elevation_avg = | elevation_min = | elevation_max = | dimensions = | designation = | authorized = | created = | designated = | established = 1995 | named_for = | visitation_num = Open all year | visitation_year = Open all year | visitation_ref = | governing_body = | administrator = | operator = Hutovo Blato Public Enterprise | owner = | website = Hutovo Blato Nature Park | embedded = }}Hutovo Blato is a nature reserve and bird reserve located in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is primarily composed of marshlands that were created by the underground aquifer system of the Krupa River. It is fed from the limestone massif of Ostrvo that divides the Deransko Lake and Svitavsko Lake.[1] The reserve is on the list of BirdLife International's Important Bird Areas. It is the largest reserve of its kind in the region, in terms of both size and diversity. It is home to over 240 types of migratory birds and dozens that make their permanent home in the sub-Mediterranean wetlands surrounding Deransko Lake.[2] In the migration season, tens of thousands of birds fill the lake and its surroundings. WetlandsThe valley along the last 30 km of the Neretva River, and the river itself, comprise a remarkable landscape. Downstream from the confluence of its tributaries, the Trebižat and Bregava rivers, the valley spreads into an alluvial fan covering 20,000 hectares. The upper valley, the 7,411 hectares in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is called Hutovo Blato. Ramsar siteNeretva Delta has been recognised as a Ramsar site since 1992, and Hutovo Blato since 2001. Both areas form one integrated Ramsar site that is a natural entity divided by the state border.[2]The Important Bird Areas programme, conducted by BirdLife International, covers protected areas in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[3] Hutovo Blato Nature ParkSince 1995, Hutovo Blato has been protected as a Hutovo Blato Nature Park[4][5] and managed by a public authority. The whole zone is well protected from human impact and functions as an important habitat for many plants and animals .[3] Historical site, Old Fortress Hutovo Blato, is located in the area of Nature Park. Nature Park "Hutovo Blato" is located in the South-Western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 30 km from City of Mostar and near the Croatian border. It stretches over an area of about 7,411 ha and represents one of the richest wetland reserves in Europe. Until 1995, when the cantonal protected area was founded, Hutovo Blato represented well-known area mainly for its hunting and fishing tourism. Every winter over 200 species of birds find their shelter inside this untouched nature.[6] Visitors can enjoy relaxation, recreational activities in nature, sport-fishing, cycling and main tourist attraction – photo safari. There is also an educational path providing information of park and for rising environmental awareness and need for preservation of natural heritage in Nature park "Hutovo Blato". Gornje Blato - Deransko Lake{{main|Deransko Lake}}The part of the park which kept its original form and almost untouched nature. Gornje Blato-Deransko Lake is supplied by the karstic water sources of the Trebišnjica river, emerging in the proximity of the bordering hills. It is hydro-geologically connected to the Neretva river through its effluent, the Krupa river, formed out of 5 lakes (Škrka, Deranja, Jelim, Orah, Drijen) and by large portions permanently flooded, also isolated by wide groves of reedbebds and trees, thus representing the most interesting preserved area.[7]Donje Blato - Svitavsko Lake{{main|Svitavsko Lake}}Krupa River{{main|Krupa (Neretva)}}The Krupa River is the Neretva left tributary and the main water current of Hutovo Blato, which leads the waters from Deransko Lake and Svitavsko Lake into the Neretva river. The length of Krupa River is 9 km with an average depth of 5 meters. The Krupa River does not have an actual source, but is actually an arm of Deransko Lake. Also, the Krupa River is a unique river in Europe, because the river flows both ways. It flows 'normally' from the 'source' to the mouth and from the mouth to the 'source'. This happens when, due to high water level and large quantity of water, river Neretva pushes the Krupa River in opposite direction .[8] Bird observationsSystematic list of registered species on 13 April 2001:[9]
Archaeological and historic sitesOld Fortress Hutovo Blato historical site{{main|Old Fortress Hutovo Blato}}Historical site, Old Fortress Hutovo Blato, is located in the area of Nature Park. Desilo archaeological site{{main|Desilo}}After intense excavations in the area of Hutovo Blato in the autumn of 2008, archaeologists from the University of Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and the University of Lund (Sweden) found the very first traces of an Illyrian trading post, thought to be more than two thousand years old. The find is unique in a European perspective and the archaeologists have concluded that Desilo, as the location is called, was an important trading post and a site of significant contact between the Illyrians and the Romans. Surprisingly large finds have been made in a short period of time. The archaeologists have discovered the ruins of a settlement, the remains of a harbour that probably functioned as a trading post, as well as many sunken boats, fully laden with wine pitchers – so-called amphorae – from the 1st century BC.[10] The archaeologist Adam Lindhagen, who holds a PhD from the University of Lund and has specialised in Roman wine amphorae, says that this is the most important find of all time from the Illyrian areas.[11][12] See also{{Commons category|Hutovo Blato}}
References1. ^http://www.tourism.ba/eng/hutovoblato.wbsp 2. ^{{cite web|title=Transboundary management of the lower Neretva valley – background |url=http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.neretva_workshop2.htm |publisher=Ramsar Convention on Wetlands |accessdate=2009-03-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503024530/http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.neretva_workshop2.htm |archivedate=2008-05-03}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Neretva Delta |url=http://www.rec.org/rec/programs/rerep/biodiversity/neretva/Neretva.html |publisher=Transboundary Cooperation Through the Management of Shared Natural Resources |accessdate=2009-03-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831092215/http://www.rec.org/REC/Programs/REREP/Biodiversity/neretva/Neretva.html |archivedate=2009-08-31}} 4. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20070502001551/http://www.hutovo-blato.ba/en/ Hutovo Blato Nature Park] 5. ^{{cite web|title=Hutovo Blato Nature Park – Network of Adriatic Parks |url=http://www.parksnap.eu/park-list/hutovo-blato-national-park |publisher=Network of Adriatic Parks |accessdate=2009-03-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302030521/http://parksnap.eu/park-list/hutovo-blato-national-park |archivedate=2 March 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Hutovo Blato – NAP – Network of Adriatic Parks |url=http://www.parksnap.eu/park-list/hutovo-blato-national-park |publisher=NAP – Network of Adriatic Parks |accessdate=2009-03-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302030521/http://parksnap.eu/park-list/hutovo-blato-national-park |archivedate=2 March 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Gornje-Deransko Blato – Hutovo Blato – NAP – Network of Adriatic Parks |url=http://www.parksnap.eu/park-list/hutovo-blato-national-park/territory/gornje-blato |publisher= NAP – Network of Adriatic Parks|accessdate=2009-03-19 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Krupa river & Hutovo Blato – NAP – Network of Adriatic Parks |url=http://www.parksnap.eu/park-list/hutovo-blato-national-park/territory/river-krupa |publisher=NAP – Network of Adriatic Parks |accessdate=2009-03-19 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 9. ^1 PTICE.NET :: Portal ljubitelja ptica i prirode (dpDocs) 10. ^{{cite web|title=Bosnian archaeologists discover fabled ships |url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=588&art_id=nw20070320140758925C772088 |publisher= iol.co.za |accessdate=2009-03-17}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=The world's first Illyrian trading post found |url=http://www.apollon.uio.no/vis/art/2008_4/artikler/illyrer_english |publisher= Apollon – University of Oslo |accessdate=2009-03-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304033439/http://www.apollon.uio.no/vis/art/2008_4/artikler/illyrer_english |archivedate=4 March 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Unique Archaeological Discovery in Balkan: World’s First Illyrian Trading Post Found |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081208092151.htm |publisher=Science Daily |accessdate=2009-03-17}} External links
10 : Nature parks of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Important Bird Areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ramsar sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Protected areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Lakes of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Archaeology of Illyria|Tourist attractions in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Hutovo Blato|Neretva basin |
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