| 词条 | Hydrocynus |
| 释义 |
|image = Hydrocynus_comparison.jpg |image_caption = The five currently recognized species. From top to bottom: H. vittatus, H. tanzaniae, H. forskahlii, H. brevis and H. goliath |taxon = Hydrocynus |authority = Cuvier, 1816 |type_species = Hydrocyon forskahlii |type_species_authority = Cuvier, 1819 |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See text. }}Hydrocynus is a genus of large characin fish in the family Alestidae commonly called "tigerfish," endemic to the African continent. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ ("water"[1]) + κύων ("dog"[1]). (In fact, this fish is popularly referred to as poisson chien (dog fish) in French-speaking West Africa.) The genus contains five species,[3] all popularly known as "African tigerfish" for their fierce predatory behaviour and other characteristics that make them excellent game fish.[2] Hydrocynus are normally piscivorous,[3] but H. vittatus is the only freshwater fish proven to prey on birds in flight.[4] Evolutionary historyThe earliest fossils which have been identified as belonging to Hydrocynus are dated as Late Miocene, and have been found from the Chad, Maronga, Turkana and Semliki basins of northern and eastern Africa, in all of which Hydrocynus species still occur.[5] The oldest lineage appears to be that of Hydrocynus goliath, while lineages of H. brevis and H. forskahlii diverged in the Late Miocene and Pliocene while the lineages which formed H. tanzaniae and the "vittatus complex" appear in the Pliocene.[5] SpeciesFive species of Hydrocynus tigerfish are currently recognised.[6]
However, recent molecular analysis indicates that there might be up to five more unidentified cryptic species, although more study of the ecology and behaviour is required. This study did not support the treatment of H. vittatus as a synonym of H. forskahlii.[5] Economic importanceThe different species tigerfish are among the most important and popular game fish species in Africa and as a result they are an important asset to the various tourist industries. They are also one of the most important components of commercial freshwater catches in Africa.[7] Notes and references1. ^1 Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press. {{Commons category}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q345896}}2. ^"Hydrocynus", Encyclopædia Britannica 3. ^{{cite journal|author1 = Kirk O. Winemiller|author2 = Leslie C. Kelso-Winemiller|year = 1994 | title = Comparative ecology of the African pike, Hepsetus odoe, and tigerfish, Hydrocynus forskahlii, in the Zambezi River floodplain|url = http://aquaticecology.tamu.edu/files/2012/07/WKW-tigerfish-JFB94.pdf|journal = Journal of Fish Biology|volume = 45 |pages = 211–225|doi=10.1006/jfbi.1994.1121}} 4. ^"African Tigerfish Recorded Catching Bird Prey in Mid-Flight For First Time Ever (VIDEO)", University Herald, January 13, 2014. 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | author1 = Sarah M. Goodier | author2 = Fenton P. D. Cotterill | author3 = Colleen O'Ryan | author4 = Paul H. Skelton | author5 = Maarten J. de Wit | year = 2011 | title = Cryptic Diversity of African Tigerfish (Genus Hydrocynus) Reveals Palaeogeographic Signatures of Linked Neogene Geotectonic Events | url = http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0028775| journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 12 | pages = e28775 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0028775 | pmid = 22194910 | pmc=3237550}} 6. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.fishbase.org/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Hydrocynus | title = Genus: Hydrocynus|accessdate = 23 December 2016|publisher = Fishbase.org}} 7. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.igfa.org/species/244-tigerfish.aspx?CommonName=244-tigerfish.aspx|title = tigerfish|accessdate = 23 December 2016| publisher = International Game Fish Association}} 4 : Alestidae|Fish of Africa|Freshwater fish genera|Taxa named by Georges Cuvier |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。