| 词条 | Hymenaea courbaril | ||
| 释义 |
|name = |image = Hymenaea courbaril 1.jpg |image_caption = Hymenaea courbaril |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Fabales |familia = Fabaceae |genus = Hymenaea |species = H. courbaril |binomial = Hymenaea courbaril |binomial_authority = L. |synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = [1] }} Hymenaea courbaril (courbaril and West Indian locust){{sfnp|EB|1878}} is a tree common in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. It is a hardwood that is used for furniture, flooring, and decoration. Its hard fruit pods have edible dry pulp surrounding the seeds. Its sap, called animé, is used for incense, perfume, and varnish. NamesHymenaea courbaril is commonly known as the "courbaril",{{sfnp|EB|1911}} "West Indian locust",[2]{{sfnp|EB|1911}} "Brazilian copal", and "amami-gum".[2]Although it is sometimes denominated "Brazilian cherry" and "South American cherry",{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} it is not a cherry tree but a legume of the Fabaceae family. It is also known as "stinking toe", "old man's toe", and "stinktoe"[3] because of the unpleasant odor of the edible pulp of its seed pods.[4][5] FruitIts fruit, also known as locust, was a major food for indigenous peoples. Those who eat it do not consider the odor unpleasant. The pulp, in spite of its somewhat disagreeable odor, has a sweet taste; is consumed raw; may be dried and transformed into powder to be incorporated into cookies, crackers, and soups; and may be mixed with water to prepare a drink called "atole". The pulp inside the hard shells appears like miniature soluble fibers that dissolve easily in water or milk, which it thickens. Some add sugar to it for more sweetness. If consumed raw it tends to stick inside the mouth like dry dust. It is one of the richest vegetable foods known because of its high concentrations of starches and proteins.[6] It is further an excellent concentrated feed for animals. AniméThe tree produces an orange, soft, sticky resin or gum, denominated "animé" (French for "animated", in reference to its insect-infested natural state). The resin has a specific gravity varying from 1.054 to 1.057. It melts readily over fire, and softens even with the heat of the mouth. It diffuses white fumes and a very pleasant odor. Insects are generally entrapped in it in large numbers. It is insoluble in water, and nearly so in cold alcohol. It is similar to copal in its nature and appearance,{{sfnp|EB|1911}} and a copal from Zanzibar is sometimes given this name. The production of animé may be encouraged by wounding the bark. The resin collects between the principal roots.{{sfnp|EB|1911}}[8] It can be obtained from other species of Hymenaea growing in tropical South America.{{sfnp|EB|1911}}[7] Brazilians use it internally to treat diseases of the lungs. It was formerly an ingredient of ointments and plasters, but at present its only use is for incense and varnish.[7]WoodThe wood is very hard, measuring 5.6 on the Brinell scale and {{convert|2350|lbf|abbr=on}} on the Janka scale, approximate measurements of hardness. For comparison, Douglas fir measures {{convert|660|lbf|abbr=on}}, white oak {{convert|1360|lbf|abbr=on}}, and Brazilian walnut {{convert|3800|lbf|abbr=on}} on the Janka scale. It features a tan to salmon color with black accent stripes that over time turn to a deep and vibrant red.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Hymenaea+courbaril|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species|accessdate=26 December 2014}} 2. ^1 {{GRIN | accessdate=27 December 2014}} 3. ^Mesoamerican Copal Resins {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118202643/http://www.utexas.edu/courses/stross/papers/copal.htm |date=2012-01-18 }} from Brian Stross at the University of Texas at Austin 4. ^Worldwide weird: Bite into a stinking toe from BBC Travel 5. ^Stinking Toe from StJohnBeachGuide.com 6. ^{{cite book |title=El Arbol Al Servico del Agricultor |url=http://orton.catie.ac.cr/REPDOC/A4035E/A403502E.PDF |author=Frans Geilfus |page=147 |accessdate=27 December 2014 |volume=2: Guía de Especies |year=1994 |publisher=Turrialba}} 7. ^1 2 {{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Animé}} References
External links
8 : Hymenaea|Trees of Central America|Trees of South America|Trees of the Caribbean|Hardwood forest plants|Trees of Îles des Saintes|Plants described in 1753|Trees of Peru |
||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。