“Hypoptopomatinae”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae,^[4] composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species.^[4] This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species.^[5]

It has been divided into two tribes, Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini.^[6] However, in a 2005 analysis, Otothyrini was found to not be monophyletic, with its representatives comprising a paraphyletic group in relation to the tribe Hypoptopomatini.^[7] More recent phylogenetic evidence shows that Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini, while each are monophyletic tribes, do not form a monophyletic subfamily, and therefore should each be recognized as their own individual subfamilies.^[8] Problematically, the most recent hypoptopomatine genera, Gymnotocinclus and Rhinolekos, were not classified in either of the tribes.^[3]^[9]

Almost all species of Hypoptopomatinae have a diploid number of 2n = 54; this group is karyotypically very conserved.^[10]

Hypoptopomatinae are distributed east of the Andes in South America from Venezuela to northern Argentina.^[4] Most of the hypoptopomatine species are usually found at or near the water surface, typically in close association with riverbank vegetation or some subsurface structure.^[11]

References

1. ^{{cite journal |author=Martins, F.O. |author2=Andrade, B.N. |author3=Rosa, A.C. |author4=Langeani, F.|year=2014|title= Chauliocheilos saxatilis, a new genus and species of Hypoptopomatinae from rio Jequitinhonha basin, with a unique labial appendix (Teleostei: Loricariidae)|journal=Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters|volume=25|number=3|pages=193–204}}(Abstract)
2. ^Reis, R.E., Pereira, E.H.L. & Lehmann A., P. (2012): A New Genus and Species of Hypoptopomatine Catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio São Francisco Basin, Brazil. Copeia, 2012 (1): 6–11.
3. ^¹de Oliveira Martins, F. & Langeani, F. (2011): Rhinolekos, a new genus with three new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from upper rio Paraná. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9 (1): 65-78.
4. ^¹{{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01386p068.pdf|title=Corumbataia britskii (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) a new species from the upper Rio Paraná basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil|first=Katiane M.|last=Ferreira|author2=Ribeiro, Alexandre C.|journal=Zootaxa|volume=1386|pages=59–68|year=2007|format=PDF}}
5. ^{{cite journal|url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/3154/1/N3254.pdf|title=New Cascudinhos from Southern Brazil: Systematics, Endemism, and Relationships (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae)|authorlink=Roberto Esser dos Reis|first=Roberto E.|last=Reis|author2=Schaefer, Scott A.|journal=American Museum Novitates|volume=3254|pages=1–25|date=December 21, 1998|format=PDF}}
6. ^¹{{cite journal|url=http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol3num4/NI_v3n4p489-498lowr.pdf |title=Description and relationships of Otothyropsis marapoama, a new genus and species of Hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Tietê basin, southeastern Brazil |first=Alexandre C. |last=Ribeiro |author2=Carvalho, Murilo |author3=Melo, Alex L. A. |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=489–498 |year=2005 |format=PDF |doi=10.1590/S1679-62252005000400006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014923/http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol3num4/NI_v3n4p489-498lowr.pdf |archivedate=2007-09-30 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol3num4%5CNI_v3n4p509-518lowr.pdf |title=Two new species of Hypoptopomatinae from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, with comments on the monophyly of Parotocinclus and the Otothyrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) |first=Marco F. W. |last=Gauger |author2=Buckup, Paulo Andreas |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=509–518 |year=2005 |format=PDF |doi=10.1590/S1679-62252005000400008 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
8. ^{{cite journal|title=Molecular phylogeny of the Neoplecostominae and Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) using multiple genes|first=Christian A.|last=Cramer|author2=Bonatto, Sandro L. |author3=Reis, Roberto E. |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.002}}
9. ^{{cite journal|journal=Neotropical Ichthyology|volume=6|issue=3|pages=329–338|year=2008|title=Gymnotocinclus anosteos, a new uniquely-plated genus and species of loricariid catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the upper rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil|first=Tiago Pinto|last=Carvalho |author2=Lehmann A., Pablo |author3=Reis, Roberto E.|doi=10.1590/S1679-62252008000300006}}
10. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/gmb/v29n1/28170.pdf|last=Andreata|first=Artur Antonio|author2=Oliveira, Claudio |author3=Foresti, Fausto |title=Karyological characterization of four Neotropical fish species of the genus Hisonotus (Teleostei, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae) from distinct Brazilian river basins|journal=Genet. Mol. Biol.|year=2006|volume=29|issue=1|pages=62–66|format=PDF|doi=10.1590/S1415-47572006000100013}}
11. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol3num1%5CBrito%20&%20Caramaschi.pdf |title=An albino armored catfish Schizolecis guntheri (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from an Atlantic Forest coastal basin |first=Marcelo F. G. |last=de Brito |author2=Caramaschi, Érica P. |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=2005 |format=PDF |doi=10.1590/s1679-62252005000100009 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}