| 词条 | IAI Arava | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Israeli Aircraft Industries Arava ({{lang-he-n|עֲרָבָה}}, "Willow" or "Steppe" of "Desert", named after the Aravah of the Jordan Rift Valley) is a light STOL utility transport aircraft built in Israel by IAI in the late 1960s. The Arava was IAI's first major aircraft design to enter production. It was intended both for the military and civil market, but the aircraft was only built in relatively small numbers. The customers were found mainly in third world countries, especially in Central and South America as well as Swaziland and Thailand. Design and developmentThe design work on the Arava began in 1965, and the design objectives included STOL performance, the ability to operate from rough strips and carry 20 passengers or bulky payloads.[1] The Arava's fuselage was barrel-like, short but wide, and the rear of the fuselage was hinged and could swing open for easy loading and unloading. Its wingspan was long and the twin tails were mounted on booms that ran from the engine nacelles. It was fitted with a fixed nosewheel undercarriage to save weight, while the chosen powerplant was two 715 eshp (533 kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-27 turboprops.[2] The design configuration was similar to French Nord Noratlas transport plane, used at that time by Israeli air force. The first prototype Arava made its maiden flight on 27 November 1969, after 92 flights it was destroyed when a wing strut experienced flutter and failed during flight testing on 19 November 1970.[3] The second prototype flew for the first time on 8 May 1971.[3][4] In October 1973 three aircraft were leased for use by Squadron 122 in the Yom Kippur War,[5][6] but were returned afterwards. The Israeli Air Force did not purchase the aircraft until 1983, when nine aircraft were bought.[5] Production ended in 1988; only 103 Arava aircraft were produced [5], including 70 for the military market. The IAF decided in 2004 to retire the aircraft.[5] It is still in operation in some countries. Variants
Civil-transport version
Civil transport version, one built
Civil transport version
Civil passenger aircraft for up to 20 people in airline-standard configuration or up to 12 passengers in VIP configuration
Civil transport version
Military transport version
Modified, variant with winglets and an APU
Proposed jet-powered version, not built.
Proposed Turbomeca Astazou powered variant, not built.
Proposed larger variant with PT-6A engines, not built. The military version could also be equipped with a range of weapons, in order to act in anti-submarine- or gunship roles. The weapon configuration could include two machine guns in fuselage side packs (usually 0.5" Browning), plus a third gun on the rear fuselage, and two pods containing 6 x 82 mm rocket pods or torpedoes or sonar buoys on the fuselage sides. Another less known military version is the 202B Electronic warfare model. This version was made in small numbers, and had distinct large radomes at each end of the fuselage. The radomes contained the Electronic Warfare mission systems. Operators
Specifications (IAI 201){{aircraft specifications|jet or prop?=prop |plane or copter?=plane |ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83.[16] |crew=2 |capacity=
|payload main=2,351 kg |payload alt=5,184 lb |payload more= |length main=12.69 m |length alt=41 ft 6 in |span main=20.96 m |span alt=68 ft 9 in |height main=5.21 m |height alt=17 ft 1 in |area main=43.68 m² |area alt=470.2 ft2 |empty weight main=3,999 kg |empty weight alt=8,816 lb |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main=6,804 kg |max takeoff weight alt=15,000 lb |engine (prop)=Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34 |type of prop=turboprops |number of props=2 |power main=559 kW |power alt=750 shp |max speed main=326 km/h |max speed alt=176 knots, 202 mph |max speed more=at 3,050 m (10,000 ft) |cruise speed main=319 km/h |cruise speed alt=172 knots, 198 mph |cruise speed more=at 3,050 m (10,000 ft) |stall speed main=115 km/h |stall speed alt=62 knots, 71.5 mph) |stall speed more=flaps down |range main=1,056 km |range alt=570 nmi, 656 mi |range more=max fuel |ceiling main=7,620 m |ceiling alt=25,000 ft |climb rate main=6.6 m/s |climb rate alt=1,290 ft/min |loading main= |loading alt= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= }} See also{{aircontent||related= |similar aircraft=
|lists= |see also= }} References{{commons category|IAI Arava}}1. ^Cohen 1974, p. 57. 2. ^Cohen 1974, pp. 57, 59. 3. ^1 Cohen 1974, p. 59. 4. ^{{cite journal|magazine=Air Progress|date=October 1971|page=22}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/arava.htm|title=IAI-201 Arava|author=John Pike|publisher=|accessdate=6 February 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=122 Squadron – The Dakota |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/122squadron.htm |publisher=Globalsecurity.org}} 7. ^Siegrist 1987, p. 176. 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.airliners.net/photo/Colombia---Air/Israel-Aircraft-Industries/2295435/&sid=404fafa14ce7953d257e26136204ec00|title=Photos: Israel Aircraft Industries IAI-201 Arava Aircraft Pictures - Airliners.net|publisher=|accessdate=6 February 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.webinfomil.com/2011/05/iai-arava-201.html|title=IAI ARAVA 201|author=WebInfomil|publisher=|accessdate=6 February 2015}} 10. ^1 Hoyle 2015, p. 37. 11. ^1 Hoyle 2015, p. 39. 12. ^Hoyle 2015, p. 45. 13. ^Pocock 1986, p. 115. 14. ^Hoyle 2015, p. 50. 15. ^Hoyle 2015, p. 53. 16. ^Taylor 1982, pp. 123–124.
7 : IAI aircraft|Israeli military transport aircraft 1960–1969|Twin-boom aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1969|High-wing aircraft|STOL aircraft|Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft |
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