| 词条 | Iain Chalmers |
| 释义 |
| name = Sir Iain Chalmers | birth_name = Iain Geoffrey Chalmers | native_name_lang = | image = Iain_Chalmers.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1943|6|3|df=y}}[1] | birth_place = Liverpool, Lancashire | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | spouse = | children = }}Sir Iain Geoffrey Chalmers {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRCOG|FFPHM|FRCPE|FMedSci|FRCP(E)}} (born 3 June 1943) is a British health services researcher, one of the founders of the Cochrane Collaboration,[2] and coordinator of the James Lind Initiative, which includes the James Lind Library and James Lind Alliance.[3][4][5][6] Education and careerChalmers qualified in medicine in the mid-1960s, and then practised as a clinician in the United Kingdom and two years (1969-1970) in the Gaza Strip.[7] In the mid-1970s, he became a full-time health services researcher with a particular interest in assessing the effects of care. Between 1978 and 1992, he was the first director of the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit in Oxford.[8] There, Chalmers led the development of the electronic Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials (ODPT)[9] and a collection of systematic reviews of randomized trials of care in pregnancy and children published in the two-volume Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth,[10] co-authoring its summary, Guide to Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth.[11] The National Health Service Research and Development Programme supported extending the approach to other areas of health care.[9][11] In 1992, Chalmers was appointed director of the UK Cochrane Centre,[2] leading to the development of the international Cochrane Collaboration.[9][11] Subsequently, he became founding editor of the James Lind Library, which documents the history and evolution of fair trials of treatments, and helped to establish the James Lind Alliance, a non-profit organization that "aims to identify the most important gaps in knowledge about the effects of treatments". The Library has established strategic agreements with international and non-profit organizations to disseminate its publications to a broad international and multilingual audience.[12] Chalmers inspired champions all over the world leading to the development of the Cochrane Collaboration and by 2011 this collaboration had nearly 30,000 volunteers contributing towards summarising research evidence to improve health. His contributions have been instrumental in advancing international policies on research for health -such as PAHO's Policy on Research for Health, and to promote a better understanding of the importance of building bridges between users and producers of research for health policy and health care delivery. Chalmers continues to promote better research for better health care by increasing public appreciation of good research through Testing Treatments interactive and the James Lind Library, and by working with others to reduce waste in research.[13] Publications
References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U10548 |title=CHALMERS, Sir Iain (Geoffrey) |website=Who's Who 2014, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2014; online edn, Oxford University Press }}{{subscription required}} 2. ^1 The Cochrane Collaboration {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130222336/http://www.cochrane.org/ |date=30 November 2016 }} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.g2921 |pmid=24817068 |title=Lifetime Achievement Award 2014: Sir Iain Chalmers |journal=BMJ |volume=348 |pages=g2921 |year=2014 |last1=Hawkes |first1=N }} 4. ^James Lind Library {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207040257/http://www.jameslindlibrary.org/ |date=7 December 2016 }} 5. ^James Lind Alliance {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810152206/http://www.lindalliance.org/ |date=10 August 2015 }} 6. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.f6152 |title=Iain Chalmers: Guilty, obsessional, and frustrated |journal=BMJ |volume=347 |pages=f6152 |year=2013 }} 7. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.331.7525.s214 |title=Sir Iain Chalmers |journal=BMJ |volume=331 |issue=7525 |pages=s214 |year=2005 |last1=Sanai |first1=Leyla }} 8. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69879-6 |pmid=17189019 |title=Iain Chalmers: Maverick master of medical evidence |journal=The Lancet |volume=368 |issue=9554 |pages=2203 |year=2006 |last1=Watts |first1=Geoff }} 9. ^1 2 {{cite journal |doi=10.1017/s026646230909062x |pmid=19534840 |title=The origins, evolution, and future of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |journal=International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care |volume=25 |pages=182–195 |year=2009 |last1=Starr |first1=Mark |last2=Chalmers |first2=Iain |last3=Clarke |first3=Mike |last4=Oxman |first4=Andrew D }} 10. ^1 {{cite book|last=Chalmers|first=Iain|title=Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth|date=1989|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Effective_Care_in_Pregnancy_and_Childbir.html?id=Wp1sAAAAMAAJ|author2=Murray Enkin |author3=Marc J.N.C. Keirse |accessdate=31 May 2014|isbn=9780192615589}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00635.x |pmid=21933275 |pmc=3214717 |title=Systematic Reviews and Health Policy: The Influence of a Project on Perinatal Care since 1988 |journal=Milbank Quarterly |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=425–449 |year=2011 |last1=Fox |first1=Daniel M }} 12. ^Agreements {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017234458/http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2601&Itemid=1654&lang=en |date=17 October 2010 }} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.testingtreatments.org/testing-treatments-interactive-tti/who-is-behind-this-website/?nabm=0 |title=Who is behind this website? |last= |first= |date=2016 |website=www.testingtreatments.org/?nabm=0 |publisher=NHS (National Institute for Health Research |access-date=18 August 2017 |quote= }} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=Oxford|first1=prepared by National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of|title=A Classified bibliography of controlled trials in perinatal medicine, 1940-84|date=1985|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford [Oxfordshire]|isbn=978-0192615664}} 15. ^{{cite book|last1=Enkin|first1=Murray|last2=Chalmers|first2=Iain|title=Effectiveness and Satisfaction in Antenatal Care|date=1982|publisher=Cambridge University Press}} 16. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.323.7327.1437 |title=Britain's gift: A "Medline" of synthesised evidence |journal=BMJ |volume=323 |issue=7327 |pages=1437–1438 |year=2001 |last1=Smith |first1=R |last2=Chalmers |first2=I }} 17. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 |pmid=7823387 |title=Empirical Evidence of Bias |journal=JAMA |volume=273 |issue=5 |pages=408–12 |year=1995 |last1=Schulz |first1=Kenneth F |last2=Chalmers |first2=I |last3=Hayes |first3=R. J |last4=Altman |first4=D. G }} 18. ^{{cite journal|last1=Starr|first1=M|last2=Chalmers|first2=I|last3=Clarke|first3=M|last4=Oxman|first4=AD|title=The origins, evolution, and future of The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|journal=International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care|date=July 2009|volume=25 Suppl 1|pages=182–95|pmid=19534840|doi=10.1017/s026646230909062x}} 19. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7496.904 |pmc=556171 |title=Access controls on bmj.com: Restore true open access to bmj.com |journal=BMJ |volume=330 |issue=7496 |pages=904.1 |year=2005 |last1=Chalmers |first1=Iain }} 20. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.309.6958.862 |title=Systematic Reviews: Reporting, updating, and correcting systematic reviews of the effects of health care |journal=BMJ |volume=309 |issue=6958 |pages=862–865 |year=1994 |last1=Chalmers |first1=I |last2=Haynes |first2=B }} 21. ^{{Cite journal |pmid = 19227602 |year = 2008 |author1 = Chalmers |first1 = I |authorlink1 = Iain Chalmers |title = The James Lind Library: Explaining and illustrating the evolution of fair tests of medical treatments |journal = The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh |volume = 38 |issue = 3 |pages = 259–64 |last2 = Milne |first2 = I |last3 = Tröhler |first3 = U |last4 = Vandenbroucke |first4 = J |last5 = Morabia |first5 = A |last6 = Tait |first6 = G |last7 = Dukan |first7 = E |author8 = James Lind Library Editorial Team |url = http://www.jameslindlibrary.org/pdf/jll-article.pdf |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110518022157/http://www.jameslindlibrary.org/pdf/jll-article.pdf |archivedate = 18 May 2011 |df = dmy-all}} 22. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.2471/BLT.09.030609 |title=Unique, multilingual resource on testing health-care treatments |journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=412–413 |year=2009 }} 23. ^{{cite book|last1=Evans|first1=Imogen|last2=Thornton|first2=Hazel|last3=Chalmers|first3=Iain|title=Testing Treatments: Better Research for Better Healthcare|date=2011|publisher=Pinter & Martin Publishers|isbn=978-1905177493|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0050892/|accessdate=4 March 2017}} External links{{Commons category|Cochrane Collaboration}}
7 : Living people|British medical researchers|Knights Bachelor|National Health Service people|20th-century English medical doctors|1943 births|Cochrane Collaboration people |
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