| 词条 | I Am (poem) |
| 释义 |
"I Am" (or "Lines: I Am")[1] is a poem written by English poet John Clare in late 1844 or 1845 and published in 1848. It was composed when Clare was in the Northampton General Lunatic Asylum[2] (commonly Northampton County Asylum, and later renamed St Andrew's Hospital), isolated by his mental illness from his family and friends. Background and structureThis poem, written in three stanzas of regular iambic pentameter and an "ababbb" rhyme scheme in the first stanza and an "cdcdee" scheme for the second stanza and an"fgfghh" for the third stanza, details Clare's finding of a sanctuary from the travails of his life in the asylum by reasserting his individuality in life[3] and love of the beauty of the natural world in which he will find peace in death. An irony of Clare writing a poem declaring "I am" is that at times during his years in asylums he believed he was Lord Byron and Shakespeare, even re-editing Byron's poems at one point. The second stanza examines the alienation he feels from his family and friends due to his mental condition "And e'en the dearest - that I loved the best - / Are strange - nay, rather stranger than the rest". The final stanza adopts religious imagery, calling on God, recalling the garden of Eden and longing for the "vaulted sky", a reference to a cathedral-like heaven. It appears to both hope for a spiritual afterlife and accept the physical reality of peaceful repose in his beloved earth. The house steward of the asylum, W. F. Knight, who worked there from April 1845 to the end of January 1850, transcribed the poem for Clare. The poem was first published on 1 January 1848 in the Bedford Times,[1] or per other sources in the Annual Report of the Medical Superintendent of Saint Andrews for 1864, and later appeared with slightly altered text in Life of John Clare, the biography of the poet by Frederick Martin.[4] The poem is known as Clare's "last lines"[4] and is his most famous.[5] The poem's title is used for a 2003 collection of Clare's poetry, I Am: The Selected Poetry of John Clare, edited by his biographer Jonathan Bate,[6] and it had previously been included in the 1992 Columbia University Press anthology, The Top 500 Poems.[7] The poem is not to be confused with a sonnet also written by Clare and also entitled "I Am" (or "I Only Know I Am", or "Sonnet: I Am").[1] The latter may, however, "be seen as a complementary piece".[8] In popular cultureThe poem is read by Rory Kinnear in season two, episode "Above the Vaulted Sky" of the BBC series Penny Dreadful and also in the film Black Pond.{{cn|date=June 2018}} References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.olimu.com/Readings/IAm.htm |title=I Am |author=John Derbyshire |publisher=John Derbyshire |accessdate=19 December 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625202204/http://www.olimu.com/Readings/IAm.htm |archivedate=25 June 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mdx.ac.uk/WWW/STUDY/4_13_TA.htm |title=Mental Health History (Hospitals) |author=Andrew Roberts |publisher=Middlesex University |accessdate=19 December 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129201924/http://www.mdx.ac.uk/WWW/STUDY/4_13_TA.htm |archivedate=29 November 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }} Materials for the author's thesis. 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=894 |title=Literary Encyclopedia: John Clare |accessdate=20 December 2007 |last=Miller |first=Eric |coauthors= |date=21 March 2002 |work=The Literary Encyclopedia |publisher=The Literary Dictionary Company}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poem/479.html|title=John Clare (1793-1864): I Am!|work=Representative Poetry Online|publisher=University of Toronto Library|accessdate=19 December 2007}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E7D7133BF936A25751C0A9629C8B63|title=Nature Boy|author=Terrence Rafferty|date=February 15, 2004 |publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=19 December 2007}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=I Am: The Selected Poetry of John Clare|author=John Clare|others=Jonathan Bate|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|year=2003|isbn=0-374-52869-1}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=The Top 500 Poems|author=William Harmon|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1992|isbn=0-231-08028-X}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=Comfort|author=Christopher Howse|year=2004|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=0-8264-7641-4|quote=[first lines] I feel I am, I only know I am / And plod upon the earth as dull and void}} External links{{wikisource|I Am (Clare)|I Am}}
2 : 1848 poems|English poems |
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