| 词条 | Colnago |
| 释义 |
| name = Colnago Ernesto & C. S.r.l. | logo = | caption = | type = | traded_as = | genre = | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = 1952 | founder = Ernesto Colnago | defunct = | location_city = Cambiago | location_country = Italy | location = | locations = | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = | industry = Bicycles | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = colnago.com | footnotes = | intl = }}Colnago Ernesto & C. S.r.l. or Colnago is a manufacturer of high-end road-racing bicycles founded by Ernesto Colnago near Milano in Cambiago, Italy. Instead of following his family's farming business, Ernesto Colnago chose to work in the cycle trade, apprenticing first with Gloria Bicycles at 13, subsequently taking up road racing. After a bad crash ended his racing career, he began subcontracting for Gloria, opened his own shop in 1954, building his first frames the same year.[1][2] While building frames, he remained much in demand as a racing mechanic. He was second mechanic on the Nivea team Giro d'Italia under Faliero Masi in 1955, eventually being employed as head mechanic for the Molteni team of Belgian cycling legend Eddy Merckx in 1963.[3] The company first became known for high quality steel framed bicycles suitable for the demanding environment of professional racing, and later as one of the more creative cycling manufacturers responsible for innovations in design and experimentation with new and diverse materials including carbon fiber, now a mainstay of modern bicycle construction. HistoryOne of the first big victories on a Colnago frame was in 1957, when Gastone Nencini won the 1957 edition of the Giro d’Italia bicycle race on a Colnago bicycle.[2] In 1960, Colnago achieved more recognition as Luigi Arienti rode to a gold medal at the Rome Olympics on a Colnago bicycle. By the late 1960s, Colnago was generally regarded as one of the builders of the world's best custom road race frames. While Ernesto was the head mechanic of the Molteni team, riders such as Gianni Motta raced on Colnago bikes. A win on a Colnago in the 1970 Milan-San Remo race by Michele Dancelli for the Molteni team inspired Colnago to change his logo to the now-famous 'Asso di Fiori' or Ace of Clubs.[4] After the demise of the Faema team, Eddie Merckx joined the Molteni team, and what ensued was mutual innovation—as Colnago describes it: "Merckx was an up and coming champion, and I was an up and coming bike builder. So it was a real honour to work for a great champion like Merckx. It helped us to grow... when we made special forks, and special bikes." This included the super-light steel frame used by Merckx in 1972 to break the world one-hour record.[5] With a growing reputation from their racing wins, Colnago plunged into the market for production bikes. In the U.S., the early seventies witnessed another bike boom, and Colnago "pumped out bikes as though the future of humankind was at stake." The mainstay of the Colnago line in the 1970s was the Super, followed by the Mexico, named in honor of the successful hour attempt. Other models were added including the Superissimo and Esa Mexico. While the finish on these early Colnagos could be variable, they were great riding bikes and developed a cult-like following.[6] In 1979, Ernesto Colnago presented Pope John Paul II with a custom, gold-plated steel bicycle.[7] In response to criticism that his frames were not stiff enough, next Colnago experimented with ways to change the behavior of frame components. In 1983, he introduced the Oval CX with an oval-shaped top tube to add stiffness. He then experimented with various crimped-tube frames which became production models as their top of the range frames, beginning with the "Master." Later "Master-Light", Master Olympic and Master Piu extended the range. Colnago built a frame from Columbus tubing used by Giuseppe Saronni to win the world professional road race championship in 1982, and afterwards a short-lived collection of bikes were badged with the Saronni name.[8] In 1983, Giuseppe Saronni would go on to win the Giro d'Italia stage race on a Colnago bicycle.[2] Since the 1980s, while Colnago continued to produce high-end steel bikes, they began to produce bike frames using material other than steel including titanium, aluminum, carbon and mixed material frames. One unique frame from this period, the Bititan, has a dual titanium down tube. Crimped and oversize tubes appeared on the Tecnos{{Ndash}}one of the lightest production steel bikes produced, and the same oversize tubes and crimping were used on the aluminum Dream frame. In 1981 Colnago prototyped the CX Pista{{Ndash}}a full monocoque carbon fiber bike with disc wheels that was shown at the Milan bike show.[9] Subsequently, Colnago worked with Ferrari in developing new carbon fiber technology, and Ernesto also credits their engineers for challenging him regarding fork design, which led to Colnago's innovative Precisa straight-bladed steel fork (1987). Colnago also experimented with multi-material frames, including the CT-1 and CT-2 constructed with titanium main tubes, carbon fiber forks and rear stays, and a similarly constructed (although short-lived) Master frame constructed with steel main tubes, carbon forks and stays.[10] Colnago's early attempts at carbon fiber frames were not commercially successful, but the lessons learned were embodied in their flagship frames, such as the C-40, the most sought after bicycle (1994), and its successor, the C-50 (2004){{Ndash}}respectively named for Colnago's 40th and 50th years in bike building. These carbon fiber frames set new standards of excellence. They were built using a modified form of traditional bike frame construction, substituting carbon fiber lugs for microinfusion cast steel, and carbon fiber "tubes" for the complex steel tubes used for steel frame construction. Similar building techniques are used in the latest offering, the C59, named (as before) for its year of production. While we take for granted the spread of carbon frames, their success was not a foregone conclusion: “When we built the C40 we were the only ones to build carbon frames and all the mechanics and competitor technicians were saying that they would be too dangerous to use on cobbled roads, especially with the straight carbon forks. There was a company that wanted to fit suspension forks on the bicycle, but I wasn’t going to have suspension forks on the C40. The night before Paris- Roubaix I had Mr. Squinzi, the Mapei boss, on the phone to me raising his concerns about using such a delicate-looking thing. I told him that we’d done all of the tests that we could on the frame and the fork and we were certain there would be no problem. I had to take personal responsibility for what was going to happen and I spent all night worrying about it, barely able to sleep. But when I heard that there were 4 Mapei riders in the break, I knew I could relax.” [11] The C40 went on to win 5 editions of Paris-Roubaix in 6 years.[11] An interview with Ernesto Colnago in which he describes various iconic Colnagos (filmed in the factory museum) is available on YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZ3zpFsmslo here]. TrademarkColnago uses a black symbol similar to the ♣ ("Clubs") symbol used on playing cards. Colnago frames' graphics evolved from a font with gravitas to elaborate and/or creative paint. Colnago sponsored bicycle racing teams since 1968Colnago has sponsored at least one professional team every year since 1974, often sponsoring more than one. In addition, other teams in the peloton have competed on Colnago bikes. Probably the most famous was the Molteni team which included Eddy Merckx, but the world champion, Giuseppe Saronni also rode Colnago bikes throughout his career, from 1977 with Scic, later with Gis Gelati and with Colnago-Del Tongo. Colnago was well known as a sponsor of the legendary Mapei cycling team throughout the 1990s. For 2005, Colnago sponsored the professional cycling team Rabobank. Colnago has also been the bike sponsor for the American domestic team, Navigators for whom the Australian sprinter Hilton Clarke was a member 2005-2008. For 2006, Team Milram joined their list of professionally sponsored teams featuring well-known Alessandro Petacchi and Erik Zabel. In addition, Colnago serves as a co-title sponsor of the Landbouwkrediet-Colnago professional cycling team that competes on the UCI Europe Tour and was the official frame supplier to Team Tinkoff in 2007. Starting in the 2011 Tour de France, Team Europcar has ridden Colnago frames. For 2012, Colnago is sponsoring Colnago-CSF Bardiani. A full list of teams is provided below. All years are inclusive.[12] {{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
Current production overviewUntil early 2006, Colnago produced virtually all of their entire frameset range at their Cambiago factory, although persistent rumors of subcontracting out the more basic frames go all the way back to the 1970s. Alan produced some aluminum frames for Colnago in the 1980s, including single and dual downtube road and cyclocross models. In March, 2005, Colnago announced that they were joining the Taiwanese-based A-Team, whose members include Giant, Merida and SRAM—the first Italian manufacturer to do so, to produce mid-ranged bicycle models for the Japanese and European markets.[13] Beginning in 2006, Colnago sourced the Primavera and the Arte from Giant Bicycles of Taiwan. Both received favorable reviews, although some thought the shift of manufacturing out of Italy was a matter of some regret. There was some controversy in 2006 over whether Giant would be producing additional models, including carbon frame models, for Colnago. According to statements by Ernesto Colnago this was not the case: "For the 2006 model year, Colnago will be sourcing two entry-level aluminum road bike models from Giant, made to Colnago's spec and frame geometry and for sales in Europe and Asia only. All other Colnago bicycles are assembled in Italy. No Colnago carbon fiber frames are made at Giant and none will be, as Mr. Colnago has a long-term sourcing agreement in place with ATR for carbon fiber bicycle frames."[14] Despite this denial, since 2007 Colnago's carbon monocoque CLX frame has been manufactured in Taiwan.[15] In 2008, a second Colnago carbon fiber model, the CX-1 was also sourced in Taiwan. The top of the line Colnago frame, the C64, as well as the Master, and the now discontinued C60, C59, C50, Extreme Power, Extreme C are (or were) manufactured and painted in Italy.[16] In a series of public statements, Colnago has insisted that all designs originate with the Italian design team, claiming that the essence of what makes a Colnago is design. The mid-range carbon offerings are currently being sourced from Taiwan, (as are many bicycle manufacturers' offerings), and as of 2011, the M10 (which stands second in the model lineup) is made in Taiwan and assembled and painted in Italy, while the CX-1 is completely made in Taiwan.[17] The current top of the line frame, the C64 is the only carbon frame still made fully in Italy.[18] FramesSteel
Other steel models include the Export (1982-3), the C-97 (Thron tubing Decor era), the Elegant (mid '90s EL-OS tubing) and the Classic (~2000; a descendant of the Super/Superissimo in Zona tubing). Aluminum
Titanium
Carbon
Special Purpose FramesCyclocrossOver the years, Ernesto Colnago built steel cyclocross frames for individual professional riders and did not sell any steel frames to the public. A handful have been identified, an early one based on the Colnago Super and built for Roger de Vlaeminck. Photos are available [https://www.flickr.com/photos/quality_vintage_bikes/sets/72157631648022202/with/8035017897/ here]. This frame sold in November 2012 on eBay for approximately $1200 US. Three or four additional Super CX bikes have also been identified. Another frame surfaced a couple of years ago, and appears to have been built in the mid to late 90s, loosely based on the Colnago Crystal, specifically labeled "Master" on the rear brake hanger. Lugs and seat stays are similar to those on the Crystal, slightly beefier tubing than other road models (32mm OD downtube, 29mm seattube), relaxed wheelbase, top tube routing for rear brake and derailleur, traditional routing for front derailleur but no braze-on for front derailleur. Colnago bottom bracket shell. Straight mtb style threadless fork (no formal crown). No serial number stamped on dropout. Colnago factory contact unable to identify year or provide further information. Photos are available here. Colnago built a couple of bikes for the Italian cyclocross and MTB champion Luca Bramati. Bramati rode a yellow steel, lugless Colnago cyclocross bike in the '96 Worlds in Munich, considered to be one of the most exciting races ever, where he placed third. His bike had a front fork with a traditional brazed fork crown, and full front/rear gear cable brazings. The tubing looks just slightly oversized, and overall the bike looks quite similar to Bramati's Colnago MTB that he raced in Atlanta in the '96 Olympics. Another may have been built for Bert Hiemstra in 1998/1999, Rabobank rider. This was a lugless steel frame, badged "Colnago Competition" in Rabobank colors, 59 cm CtT, set up with 9 speed Dura Ace and a unicrown fork. Sold in the UK in 2012.
Mountain BikesAlthough not very common or widely available in the American market, Colnago did produce a number of mountain bikes. Some featured the Master profile tubing found on the Colnago road bikes.
See also{{Portal|Italy|Cycling|Companies}}
Bibliography
References1. ^See www.colnago.com\\history. 2. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://rouleur.cc/editorial/the-wizard-of-cambiago/|title=The Wizard of Cambiago - Journal|date=2014-05-23|work=Journal|access-date=2018-08-30|language=en-GB}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/features/?id=2004/colnago1 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2004-01-08 |accessdate=2012-10-23}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/sponsors/italia/2004/colnago/?id=colnago3 |title=www.cyclingnews.com news and analysis |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2004-01-08 |accessdate=2012-10-23}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/sponsors/italia/2004/colnago/?id=colnago5 |title=www.cyclingnews.com news and analysis |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-23}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sheldonbrown.com/vrbn-a-f.html#colnago|title=Vintage Lightweight Pricing Guide Atala to Fuji|publisher=}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://rouleur.cc/editorial/colnago-and-pope-john-paul-ii-the-man-with-the-golden-bike/|title=Colnago and Pope John Paul II: the Man with the Golden Bike - Journal|date=2016-10-28|work=Journal|access-date=2018-08-30|language=en-GB}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/sponsors/italia/2004/colnago/?id=colnago6 |title=www.cyclingnews.com news and analysis |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2004-03-19 |accessdate=2012-10-23}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/sponsors/italia/colnago02/?id=bikes |title=www.cyclingnews.com news and analysis |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-23}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ebykr.com/2005/12/02/colnago-2/ |title=Ernesto Colnago: Fortune in Fracture and Ferrari |publisher=www.ebykr.com |date= |accessdate=2016-03-05}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.pedalheadroadworks.com/bicycles/colnago|title=Pedalhead Road Works - Colnago|publisher=}} 12. ^thewashingmachinepost {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070112192444/http://www.ileach.co.uk/post/2005/colnago/teams.html |date=January 12, 2007 }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bikebiz.com/news/read/colnago-s-entry-level-bikes-to-be-produced-in-taiwan/02071 |title=Colnago's entry level bikes to be produced in Taiwan | Bicycle Business |publisher=BikeBiz |date=2005-03-01 |accessdate=2012-10-23}} 14. ^John Crenshaw, "Colnago Rebutts Sourcing Reports," Bicycle Retailer and Industry News, August 15, 2005. Excepted here: http://business.highbeam.com/103/article-1G1-135579315/colnago-rebutts-sourcing-reports 15. ^{{Citation | title = Italian appetizers from Colnago and Pinarello | date = 2007-08-08 | url = http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/italian-appetizers-from-colnago-and-pinarello | accessdate = 2010-08-03 }} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.colnago.com/c59-italia/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120729175818/http://www.colnago.com/c59-italia/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-07-29 |title=C59 Italia |publisher=Colnago |date= |accessdate=2012-10-23 }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bicycleretailer.com/news/newsDetail/6475.html|title=News|publisher=}} 18. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.cyclist.co.uk/news/4210/colnago-c64-review|title=Colnago C64 launch and first ride review|work=Cyclist|access-date=2018-08-30|language=en}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bicycling.com/bikes-gear/previews/first-ride-colnago-v1-r|title=First Ride: Colnago V1-r|date=21 June 2014|publisher=}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bicycling.com/bikes-and-gear-features/reviews/first-ride-colnago-c60|title=First Ride: Colnago C60|date=6 March 2014|publisher=}} External links{{commons category}}
6 : Cycle manufacturers of Italy|Mountain bike manufacturers|Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1952|1952 establishments in Italy|Italian brands|Companies based in Lombardy |
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