| 词条 | In Amenas |
| 释义 |
|name =In Amenas |official_name = |native_name =إن أمناس |native_name_lang =ar |type =Town and Commune |image_skyline = |image_alt = |image_caption = |image_shield = |nickname = |image_map =Dz - 33 - In Amenas.svg |mapsize =120px |map_caption =Location of In Amenas commune within Illizi Province |pushpin_map =Algeria |pushpin_map_alt = |pushpin_map_caption =Location of In Amenas within Algeria |coordinates = {{coord|28|2|27|N|9|32|35|E|region:DZ-33_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}} |coor_pinpoint = |subdivision_type =Country |subdivision_name ={{flag|Algeria|23px}} |subdivision_type1 =Province |subdivision_name1 =Illizi |subdivision_type2 =District |subdivision_name2 =In Amenas (seat) |established_title = |established_date = |seat_type =District seat |seat = |government_footnotes = |leader_title =PMA Seats |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |unit_pref =Metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 =14913 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m =549 |population_footnotes =[1] |population_total =7385 |population_as_of =2008 |population_density_km2 =auto |population_demonym = |timezone1 =CET |utc_offset1 =+01 |postal_code_type =Postal code |postal_code =33200 |area_code_type = |area_code = |blank_name_sec1 =ONS code |blank_info_sec1 =3306 |website = |footnotes = }}In Amenas ({{Lang-ar|إن أمناس}},[1] ‘In ’Amanās) is a town and commune in eastern Algeria, bordering with Libya. The town is located {{convert|30|km|mi}} west of the border. There is no border crossing in the area. The municipality had 7,385 inhabitants in 2008,[2] up from 5.302 in 1998,[3] with an annual growth rate of 3.4%[2] According to the Algerian novelist Mouloud Mammeri the name is a Tuareg word which means "lieu des méharis" or "place of camel drivers."[4][5] The natural gas facility near the municipality was attacked by Islamist militants on 16 January 2013.[6] ClimateIn Amenas has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). Summers are long and very hot with averages high temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F) during June, July and August. Winters remain warm and brief at daytime but nights can be quite cold, with averages low temperatures below 4 °C (39.2 °F) during January, the coolest month of the year. In Amenas averages annual rainfall of only 23.2 mm (0.91 in) as the town is located within the large central hyperarid core of the Sahara Desert. The sky is always clear over In Amenas throughout the year and the relative humidity is very low, especially during summer months. {{Weather box |location = In Amenas |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 17.1 |Feb high C = 21.0 |Mar high C = 25.3 |Apr high C = 32.7 |May high C = 35.9 |Jun high C = 40.8 |Jul high C = 41.9 |Aug high C = 41.2 |Sep high C = 39.4 |Oct high C = 33.7 |Nov high C = 25.2 |Dec high C = 18.4 |Jan mean C = 10.8 |Feb mean C = 13.9 |Mar mean C = 17.6 |Apr mean C = 24.0 |May mean C = 28.1 |Jun mean C = 32.9 |Jul mean C = 33.9 |Aug mean C = 33.4 |Sep mean C = 30.8 |Oct mean C = 25.2 |Nov mean C = 18.1 |Dec mean C = 12.2 |Jan low C = 4.4 |Feb low C = 6.8 |Mar low C = 9.9 |Apr low C = 15.3 |May low C = 20.3 |Jun low C = 25.1 |Jul low C = 25.9 |Aug low C = 25.6 |Sep low C = 22.2 |Oct low C = 16.7 |Nov low C = 10.9 |Dec low C = 6.0 |Jan precipitation mm = 2.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 1.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 3.7 |Apr precipitation mm = 1.2 |May precipitation mm = 2.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 1.3 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 1.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 3.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 2.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 3.3 |Jan humidity = 47.7 |Feb humidity = 42.5 |Mar humidity = 33.1 |Apr humidity = 28.5 |May humidity = 25.2 |Jun humidity = 23.1 |Jul humidity = 21.0 |Aug humidity = 24.0 |Sep humidity = 27.8 |Oct humidity = 37.8 |Nov humidity = 40.1 |Dec humidity = 47.1 |source 1 = climatebase.ru (extremes, humidity)[7] |source 2 = en.climatedata.org (averages temperatures and rainfall)[8] |date=March 2013}} TransportIt is served by In Amenas Airport[9] with Air Algérie flights to Algiers, Hassi Messaoud, Oran and Ouargla and Tassili Airlines flights to Adrar, El Golea, El Oued, In Salah, Tébessa and Touggourt. EconomyNatural gasIn Amenas is the starting point of the In Amenas-Haoud El Hamra oil pipeline and the In Amenas-Hassi Messaoud gas pipeline.[10] The natural gas joint development project (known as the In Amenas Gas Project) which includes four primary gas fields plus the gathering and processing facilities in Tiguentourine, {{convert|25|km|mi}} outside the town, was commissioned in 2006.[11] The project is operated by Sonatrach, BP, and Statoil.[12] Zarzaitine is one of the notable sites Sonatrach is operating in the area. Education7.0% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 16.9% has completed secondary education.[13] The overall literacy rate is 80.0%, and is 85.0% among males and 72.8% among females.[14] LocalitiesThe commune is composed of eight localities:[15] {{div col|colwidth=22em}}
References1. ^Wilaya of Ilizi in Official journals of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria {{Clear}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Population: Béchar Wilaya |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p1.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=24 February 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113175000/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p1.pdf |archivedate=13 November 2011 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Algeria Communes|url=http://www.statoids.com/ydz.html|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=8 March 2013}} 4. ^Jacqueline Arnaud, Poétiques croisées du Maghreb 1991 Université Paris-Nord. Centre d'études francophones, Jāmiʻat al-Jazāʼir. Equipe de recherches: Sémiologie du texte littéraire et analyse du discours - 1991 commentary on Mouloud Mammeri, La Traversée Page 72 "Il décrit l'oasis d'In Amenas: "Mourad, lui aussi, découvre le village fantôme, d'abord dans le Sahara, et ensuite en Kabylie. Il décrit l'oasis d'In Amenas: In Amenas veut dire en touareg le lieu des méharis. Ce n'était plus qu'une dérision. A la place des méharis ..." 5. ^Mildred P. Mortimer Journeys through the French African novel 1990 commentary on Mouloud Mammeri, La Traversée - Page 124 "Tension between the irretrievable past and the impoverished present is presented by the contrast between memories of graceful camels and sights of awkward lumbering trucks: "In Amenas means in Tuareg the gathering place of camel drivers.." 6. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/17/world/africa/islamists-seize-foreign-hostages-at-algeria-gas-field.html?hp&_r=0 New York Times report on In Aménas hostage crisis] 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://climatebase.ru/station/60611/?lang=en |title=In Amenas, Algeria |publisher=Climatebase.ru |accessdate=17 May 2013}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/766867/ |title=Climate Data For In Amenas, Algeria |publisher=Climatedata.org |accessdate=17 May 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=In Aménas Airport|url=http://www.ourairports.com/airports/DAUZ/|publisher=OurAirports|accessdate=17 May 2013}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://theodora.com/pipelines/north_africa_oil_gas_products_pipelines_map.html |title=North Africa Pipelines map - Crude Oil (petroleum) pipelines - Natural Gas pipelines - Products pipelines |publisher=Theodora.com |accessdate=2013-01-19}} 11. ^Andrew Callus: [https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/16/us-algeria-kidnap-base-idUSBRE90F1HJ20130116 "Desert site is home to kidnapped foreign gas workers"] Reuters, 16 January 2013 12. ^Maiken Ree for NTB: Statoil-anlegg angrepet i Algerie (in Norwegian) Teknisk Ukeblad, 16 January 2013 13. ^{{cite web|title=Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence. |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p6.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=13 February 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113185016/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p6.pdf |archivedate=13 November 2011 |df= }} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence . |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p10.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=16 May 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113193000/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w33_p10.pdf |archivedate=13 November 2011 |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Décret n° 84-365, fixant la composition, la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes. Wilaya d'Illizi |url=http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1554.pdf |publisher=Journal officiel de la République Algérienne |accessdate=2 March 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022151349/http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1554.pdf |archivedate=22 October 2013 |page=1554 |language=French |date=19 December 1984 |deadurl=yes |df= }} Neighbouring towns and cities {{Geographic location|Centre = In Amenas |North = Debdeb |Northeast = |East = Zarzaitine |Southeast = Edjeleh Ubari (Libya) |South = Tarat Djanet |Southwest = Illizi |West = Bordj Omar Driss |Northwest = Ouargla Hassi Messaoud (Ouargla) Ohanet }}{{Illizi Province}}{{DEFAULTSORT:In Amenas}} 3 : Populated places in Illizi Province|In Amenas District|Communes of Algeria |
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