| 词条 | Incilius ibarrai |
| 释义 |
| image = | status = EN | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Incilius ibarrai | authority = ({{Interlanguage link multi|Laurence Cooper Stuart|fr|lt=Stuart}}, 1954) | synonyms = Bufo ibarrai Stuart, 1954[2] Cranopsis ibarrai (Stuart, 1954) Ollotis ibarrai (Stuart, 1954) | synonyms_ref = [3] | range_map = Bufo ibarri distribution.svg | range_map_caption = }}Incilius ibarrai (common name: Jalapa toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the central and southern highlands of Guatemala and adjacent Honduras.[1][3] The specific name ibarrai honors Jorge Alfonso Ibarra (1921–2000), then-director of the Guatemalan National Natural History Museum.[2] SystematicsIncilius ibarrai belongs to the monophyletic Incilius coccifer group, which, in addition to the said species, includes Incilius cycladen, Incilius pisinnus, Incilius porteri, and Incilius signifer.[3][9]DescriptionAdult males measure {{convert|43|-|82|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and adult females {{convert|61|-|94|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. The snout is weakly pointed in dorsal view and rounded laterally. The cranial crests are well-developed, while the parietal crests are low. The supra-tympanic crest is large and bulbous; the tympanum is visible. The parotoid glands are large.[10] The toes are one-half to one-third webbed. Preserved specimens are pale yellowish gray mid-dorsally, becoming more yellow laterally and gradually shading into pale yellow ventrally.[2] Habitat and conservationIncilius ibarrai occurs in pine-oak, premontane, and lower montane moist forests at elevations of {{convert|1360|–|2020|m|abbr=on}} above sea level. It breeds in ponds, marshes, and wet meadows. It is threatened by habitat loss. Chytridiomycosis is also as a possible threat, and may have caused the decline of some formerly robust populations, e.g., in the Sierra de las Minas biosphere reserve.[1]References1. ^1 2 {{cite journal | author = Acevedo, M. | author2 = Young, B. | last-author-amp = yes | title = Incilius ibarrai | journal = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume= 2004 | page = e.T54667A11183794 | year = 2004 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54667A11183794.en }} [2][3][4][5]2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Incilius/Incilius-ibarrai |title=Incilius ibarrai (Stuart, 1954) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2017 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=2 January 2018}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Mendelson |first1=Joseph R. |last2=Williams |first2=Becky L. |last3=Sheil |first3=Christopher A. |last4=Mulcahy |first4=Daniel G. |last-author-amp=yes |title=Systematics of the Bufo coccifer complex (Anura: Bufonidae) of Mesoamerica |journal=Scientific Papers. Natural History Museum, University of Kansas |date=2005 |volume=38 |pages=1–27 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8482 }} 4. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Mendelson |first1=Joseph R. |last2=Mulcahy |first2=Daniel G. |last3=Williams |first3=Tyler S. |last4=Sites |first4=Jack W. |last-author-amp=yes |title=A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data |journal=Zootaxa |date=2011 |volume=3138 |pages=1–34 }} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |last1=Stuart |first1=L. C. |title=Descriptions of some new Amphibians and Reptiles from Guatemala |journal=Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington |date=1954 |volume=67 |pages=159–177 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/70985 }} }}{{Taxonbar|from=Q21963485}} 5 : Incilius|Amphibians of Guatemala|Amphibians of Honduras|Amphibians described in 1954|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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