“Columbus Crew SC”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Columbus Crew Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in Columbus, Ohio. The Crew competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference and began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league.^[3] The team is currently being operated by an ownership group led by the Haslam family and former team doctor Pete Edwards. The Haslam/Edwards group is the third owner in club history.

The franchise was founded in 1994 and originally known as the Columbus Crew until late 2014, when the club revealed a new logo and the addition of "SC" to its moniker. The "SC" in the team moniker stands for "Soccer Club", but the team name is officially "Columbus Crew SC".{{cn|date=March 2019}}

Since 1999, the Crew has played home games at Mapfre Stadium, the first soccer-specific stadium ever built for an MLS team, with a seating capacity of 19,968 as of the 2015 season. From 1996 to 1998, the Crew played its home games at Ohio Stadium on the campus of Ohio State University.^[3] In 2014, the team set club attendance records for both most cumulative attendance and most sellouts.^[4]

Crew SC has won five major trophies: MLS Cup 2008, the Supporters' Shield in 2004, 2008, and 2009, and the 2002 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup. The Crew have qualified for the CONCACAF Champions League (or its predecessor, the CONCACAF Champions' Cup) three times, reaching the quarterfinals each time.

History

The beginning (1994–1998)

On June 15, 1994, Major League Soccer announced that Columbus, Ohio, would be home to one of the ten founding members of the new top flight North American professional soccer league. Columbus had promised construction of a soccer-specific stadium and had sold over 12,000 season ticket deposits.^[5] The team was tentatively named the Columbus Eclipse in its application to the league, as a solar eclipse had passed over the city after reaching the league's 10,000-deposit minimum, but it was eventually renamed the Crew.^[6]

MLS investor Lamar Hunt, and his son Clark became the owners of both the Columbus Crew and Kansas City Wizards in 1996. The first players for the Crew were South African national team veteran Doctor Khumalo, by assignment, and Brian McBride. McBride was selected as the first overall pick in MLS's first draft in 1996. Former U.S. National Team coach Timo Liekoski would be the team's head coach for its first season.^[7]^[8]

The Crew played their first game on April 13, 1996 in front of a home crowd of 25,266 in Ohio Stadium against D.C. United and won 4–0.^[9] Columbus would struggle, however, winning only 5 of their next 21 games. After the 6–16 start, Tom Fitzgerald replaced head coach Liekoski.^[10] The Crew, under Fitzgerald, won 9 of their last 10 games to finish fourth in the Eastern Conference. They went on to lose in the conference playoff semi-finals.^[11]

The Black & Gold finished 15–17 in both 1997 and 1998, which put them in third and fourth place, respectively, in the Eastern Conference. Each season ended with losses in the Conference Finals to D.C. United. The Crew reached the 1998 U.S. Open Cup Final, which was postponed due to a hurricane and controversially relocated from Virginia Beach to Soldier Field in Chicago then the home of Chicago Fire, who won the match 2 to 1 after extra time. Stern John, in his first of two seasons with Columbus, was the 1998 scoring champion, amassing 26 goals and 5 assists.^[8]^[11]

A new home (1999–2003)

Columbus' 1999 season began with the opening of Columbus Crew Stadium, the first soccer-specific stadium in the United States. Columbus won their first game in the stadium, 2–0, against New England Revolution in front of a sell-out crowd of 24,741. Columbus would finish in second place at 19–13, but would lose in the conference finals to D.C. United for the third straight season. The 1999 season was the last for Stern John who scored 52 goals in 65 games for the club.^[8] The team had the lowest goals against average in the Eastern Conference,^[12] and Mark Dougherty became the first goalkeeper in league history to record 50 wins, with a 4–2 win over the MetroStars on August 18, 1999 at Giants Stadium.^[13]

In 2002, Columbus would win the U.S. Open Cup for the first time in team history. They advanced to the finals by beating the Richmond Kickers, MetroStars, and Kansas City Wizards. In the final, they beat LA Galaxy, who had just won the MLS Cup earlier in the week. Freddy García scored the only goal and keeper Jon Busch posted the shutout in Columbus's 1–0 win. It was the first championship in team history.^[14] The Crew finished 11–12–5 in the regular season and finished in a tie for first place. They lost in the league semi-finals to New England. Kyle Martino won rookie of the year in 2002, a first for the Crew. By winning the 2002 U.S. Open Cup, Columbus received a bid to play in the 2003 CONCACAF Champions' Cup. They advanced to the second round by beating Árabe Unido 4–2 on aggregate in the first round before losing to Monarcas Morelia, 6–2. McBride would play his final season with Columbus in 2003 before joining Fulham of the Premier League.^[8]^[11]

Transitions (2004–2006)

With the departure of McBride, Columbus added Robin Fraser and Simon Elliott to the club. These additions proved to be vital as Fraser went on to win the Defender of the Year award in 2004. The Crew set a franchise record for points, 49, by going 12–5–13, thanks in part to an 18-game unbeaten streak (8–0–10) to end the season. Despite winning the Supporters' Shield for best record in the league, the club would be eliminated from the MLS Cup in the Eastern Conference semi-finals. In his last season for the Black & Gold, Jeff Cunningham scored his 62nd goal, which tied him with McBride for the franchise record.^[8]^[11]

Over both of the next two seasons, Columbus battled injuries to several players and struggled to win games. Despite winning the MLS Coach of the Year Award in 2004,^[15] Andrulis was replaced on an interim basis by Robert Warzycha midway through the 2005 season. After missing playoffs in the 2005 season, the club would hire former L.A. Galaxy and UCLA head coach Sigi Schmid. Schmid had won an MLS Cup and U.S. Open Championship in six seasons with Galaxy.^[16] Warzycha remained on staff under Schmid. In 2006, the Crew went on a 13-game winless streak (0–7–6) between June 10 and August 19. The season ended on a tragic note when team founder and owner Lamar Hunt died on December 14, 2006.^[8]^[11]^[17]

The Barros Schelotto era (2007–2010)

The 2007 season in Major League Soccer started with news that global icon David Beckham signed with the LA Galaxy.^[18] The Crew followed suit by signing Guillermo Barros Schelotto on April 19, 2007.^[19] Columbus also signed forward Alejandro Moreno to bolster its attack. Even with these new players, the Crew still missed the playoffs in 2007.^[8]

In 2008, the Crew won its first MLS Cup. Led by Barros Schelotto, who scored seven goals and had 19 assists and won the MLS Most Valuable Player Award,^[20] the team also won its second Supporters' Shield. After going 17–7–6 in the regular season, the Black & Gold won playoff games against Kansas City and Chicago Fire before beating the New York Red Bulls 3–1 in the final. Chad Marshall won MLS Defender of the Year award, and Sigi Schmid won Coach of the Year.^[8]^[11]

After the 2008 season, Sigi Schmid left Columbus to coach Seattle Sounders FC, and the team named former player and assistant coach Robert Warzycha head coach. In 2009, Barros Schelotto was rewarded with the honor of becoming the franchise's first Designated Player.^[21] The club went 13–7–10 in the regular season, good enough for 49 points and their second consecutive Supporters' Shield. The Crew was eliminated by Real Salt Lake in the two-legged Eastern Conference semi-finals, 4–2 on aggregate. Chad Marshall won his second consecutive MLS Defender of the Year award.^[8]

Columbus started the 2010 season in the CONCACAF Champions League. They reached the quarterfinals, but lost to Toluca in March. The club finished the season 14–8–8, but lost in the quarter-finals of the MLS Cup to the Colorado Rapids. The Crew lost 2–1 in the 2010 U.S. Open Cup Final at Qwest Field, home of Seattle Sounders FC.^[8]

Warzycha's Final Years (2011–2013)

In 2011, the Crew finished ninth in the league at 13–13–8 and lost in the wild card round of the playoffs to the Colorado Rapids.^[22]^[23]

In 2012, the club finished sixth in the Eastern Conference with a 15–12–7 record. They narrowly missed the playoffs.

On September 2, 2013 the Crew parted ways with Head Coach Robert Warzycha after an embarrassing home loss to the Seattle Sounders, combined with a highly frustrated fanbase. Brian Bliss, the Crew's technical director, took over as interim head coach.^[24] This effectively ended his stay with the club since 1996, when he joined the club as a player.

The Precourt era (2013–2018)

Gregg Berhalter era (2013–2018)

On July 30, 2013, Anthony Precourt became the second investor-operator in the history of the club.^[25] Precourt wasted little time in getting to work by upgrading portions of Crew Stadium, as well as evolving the team's brand in a way that identified with the city of Columbus, all within his first 15 months with the club.

On November 6, 2013, Precourt announced that Gregg Berhalter would be the club's new head coach.^[26] Berhalter also became the first sporting director in club history.

The 2014 season saw Columbus return to the postseason for the first time since 2011. Under Berhalter, the Crew finished the year 14–10–10, good enough for the third seed in the Eastern Conference of the MLS Cup Playoffs.

The Crew also sent two of its players to the 2014 FIFA World Cup, center back Giancarlo González and left back Waylon Francis, who both represented Costa Rica during the tournament. Gonzalez was hailed for his performance, being named to ESPN's Best XI of the group stage.^[27]

Berhalter was nominated for 2014 MLS Head Coach of the Year. Likewise, goalkeeper Steve Clark was nominated for 2014 Goalkeeper of the Year and Michael Parkhurst won the Individual Fair Play Award for the third time.^[28]

Off the field, the Black & Gold announced sports industry veteran Andy Loughnane as its new President of Business Operations on August 16, 2014.

^[29] The team set the all-time attendance record and sellout record for a single season at Crew Stadium.^[4] The combination of the club's on-field success and off-field resurgence capped a successful full first year for Precourt and Berhalter.

On October 8, 2014, the Precourt ownership changed the name and logo of the club, changing the name from "Columbus Crew" to "Columbus Crew SC".^[30]

The beginning of the 2015 season started in late 2014 with the return of Kei Kamara.^[31] Kamara proved to be beneficial as he scored 22 regular season goals and 4 playoff goals. Along with Kamara, Ethan Finlay and Waylon Francis received spots in the MLS All-Star game versus English Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur.^[32] On September 26, 2015, Crew SC hosted their largest sellout crowd since 2008 with an announced attendance of 22,719.^[33] Crew SC came into the playoffs with a bye in the first round after securing second place in the Eastern Conference. Following the Eastern Conference semi-final and final match-ups, Crew SC played host to the Portland Timbers in the 2015 MLS Cup Final.^[34] This was the club's second-ever MLS Cup Final appearance after the 2008 MLS Cup championship. The Crew was upset by the Portland Timbers at home following the 2–1 loss. All three goals were scored in the first half including the lone Crew SC goal scored by Kamara.^[35] Kamara was nominated for the Landon Donovan MLS MVP Award. Kamara was also nominated for and won the MLS WORKS Humanitarian of the Year Award. Wil Trapp was nominated for the MLS Comeback Player of the Year Award.^[36]^[37]

Proposed relocation to Austin

On October 17, 2017, Precourt announced intentions to relocate the franchise to Austin, Texas if a downtown stadium cannot be secured in Columbus.^[38] Following the news, fans and supporters of the club began a campaign and movement being known as #SaveTheCrew. Many had been present in the city's council building on behalf of the cause. Later in the month, it was revealed that Precourt had a clause in his purchase of the club that would allow him to only relocate the franchise to Austin.^[39]

On November 15, 2017, Precourt and MLS Commissioner Don Garber met with Columbus Mayor Andrew Ginther, and civic and business leaders in New York City about the Crew's future in Columbus. After the meeting, both sides issued press releases detailing the meeting. Per the delegation from Columbus, Precourt and MLS refused to take the relocation threat off the table.^[40] Per Precourt and MLS, Columbus leaders did not present any plan for a downtown stadium.^[41] On the issue, the Mayor had stated it was "obvious that Don Garber nor PSV (Precourt Sports Ventures) had any commitment for the team to stay in Columbus".^[42]

In the annual state of the league conference, commissioner Garber addressed more on the potential move. He had stated the difficulties there has been present with the market over the years. Discussing in 2008, when the league began its initiative to end having ownership groups owning multiple franchises in the league, there was no success in finding a local ownership group in the market of Columbus, with an interested group wanting to purchase the team but with a very low value. It was then when the league's executives hired a different company banker and expanded its search regionally where Anthony Precourt was involved. Garber stated that had Precourt not acquired the club, there was a possibility that Columbus would have ceased operations and ultimately folded. As to why the issues were not stated publicly, Don Garber stated that the league is a "private business" and what's been happening has been seen in other major sport leagues in the country.^[43]

On March 5, 2018, Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine and the City of Columbus filed a lawsuit against Precourt, citing a 1996 state law that prevents sports teams that benefited from public facilities or financial assistance from relocating to another city without a six-month notice and attempting to sell the team to a local ownership group.^[44] The bill was originally passed after the controversial relocation of the Cleveland Browns to Baltimore.^[45] On October 12, 2018, the owner of the Cleveland Browns, Jimmy Haslam, released a statement stating he was in the process of buying the Crew, along with other local groups.^[46] MLS later released a statement stating their willingness to keep the Crew in Columbus, and that Precourt will get the rights to start a team in Austin if the deal goes through.^[47] On January 1, 2019, control of the Crew franchise was officially transferred to the Haslam family and longtime team physician Dr. Pete Edwards, who took full ownership of the club after reaching a deal with Precourt Sports Ventures LLC.^[48]

Colors and badge

The official colors of Columbus Crew SC are black and gold. Columbus' usual primary jersey is predominately bright yellow with black trim, and has been nicknamed the "banana kit" or "canary kit" by fans.

The alternate uniform has historically been black. In the latter part of the 2000s, The Crew began shifting more towards a white uniform with yellow and black trim or stripes. Even so, the away uniforms are seldom worn by The Crew due to the strong favor shown to the traditional home uniform; and also due to the fact that the historically black jerseys compound the summer heat in the United States climate. For the 2015 season, Crew SC has returned to a black jersey for its alternate uniform.

Prior to the initial MLS season a citywide public contest was created to decide the name for the team, the very first entry was a hit, and the Columbus Crew was born.

The club badge from 1996 to 2014 was unique amongst MLS teams in that it featured people, containing three silhouetted males wearing construction hats beneath a stylized "Crew" wordmark. The logo was intended to represent a crew of hard working people, much like the hard-working, blue collar image the city of Columbus cultivates.

Citing a disconnect between what the crest stood for and the 21st-century identity of the city of Columbus, owner Anthony Precourt initiated a rebrand upon assuming ownership in 2013. Precourt said that Columbus was no longer a true blue collar town, and that the industrial/manufacturing motif was no longer representative. In fact, Columbus had grown into a 21st-century city and become much more "dynamic and diverse".^[49]

On October 8, 2014, the Crew unveiled a new badge. The new circular-shaped badge features the club's classic black and gold colors, a minimized original crest with "96" overlaid on top, and the black and gold checkerboard pattern predominantly seen on flags waving in the Nordecke.^[1]^[50] A great deal of symbolism was packed into the new badge. The horizontal stripes are representative of the ten original MLS franchises, and the shield is an homage to the club's original badge with the 96 representing 1996 – the club's first year in competition. The inset "O" in the badge mimics the same shape found in Ohio state flag, a nod to Columbus's role as the state's capital city. Finally, as a significant point of pride for the city of Columbus, "Columbus" was added to the new badge, along with "SC" to further define the brand more accurately as a soccer club.

The club's nickname, the Crew, also evolved from its original meaning as a hard-working construction crew to a new, more relevant one as "a tight-knit group of people who come together to share a passion for our club and the sport of soccer". The nickname, Crew, is now meant to symbolize a unique brand of family and friendship between the club, the fans and the communities who unite to embrace and celebrate the authenticity and heritage of the sport.

With the rebrand, the club also identified three brand pillars: original, energetic, and authentically Columbus, in an effort to celebrate its history as a team of firsts – first club in Major League Soccer, first soccer-specific stadium, first major professional championship for Columbus – its youthful, passionate energy, as well as Columbus's young, progressive culture.^[50]

Stadium

On May 15, 1999, the Crew opened Columbus Crew Stadium, the first soccer-specific stadium in Major League Soccer, as the Crew beat the New England Revolution 2–0 before a sold-out crowd of 24,741. It has been the model stadium for the rest of the league, and one of the stadiums used by the United States national team in World Cup qualifying. In 2015, the naming rights for the stadium were purchased by Madrid-based insurance company Mapfre, whose U.S headquarters is in Boston and who maintain a regional office in Columbus.

Previously, the Columbus Crew played their home games at the 102,000-capacity Ohio Stadium, home of the Ohio State Buckeyes college football team. They ended with a 33–20 record while playing there.

The team has also played U.S. Open Cup games at two other stadiums: two games in 2005 and 2016 at the Jesse Owens Memorial Stadium, also owned by the Ohio State University and home of the OSU soccer teams; and one in 2014 at the FirstEnergy Stadium–Cub Cadet Field on the campus of the University of Akron in Akron, Ohio.

As part of the new ownership proposal for the Crew unveiled in 2018, the club plans to build a new stadium west of the Arena District near Downtown Columbus. The new stadium would cost $230 million and be located at the center of the Confluence Village neighborhood, a mixed-use development with residential and commercial buildings. It would seat 20,000 spectators and include 30 suites and 1,900 club seats.^[51]

Revenue and profitability

Having lost money in 2011, in 2012 the Crew identified three financial goals with the aim of achieving financial stability.^[52] First, the team wanted a different jersey sponsor, which it achieved when they reached a deal with Barbasol. Second, the team wanted to sell naming rights to Columbus Crew Stadium, hoping for $15 million over 10 years. Third, the Crew had announced in September 2011 that it aimed to increase season-ticket sales from its current levels (later revealed to be 4,000) to 10,000.^[52]^[53] By November 2012, Crew season tickets were at 6,000,^[53] and by August 2013, the Crew had surpassed 7,000 season ticket holders.^[54]

Under Precourt Sports Ventures, Anthony Precourt, and Andy Loughnane, Crew SC's goals have shifted from exclusively focusing on season ticket sales to selling out MAPFRE Stadium. In 2014, the club set all-time stadium attendance records for highest overall attendance and most sellouts in one season. Loughnane confirmed that the club was trending to increase its season ticket membership by 1,000 members per year and also stated his intent for the club to assimilate into the corporate community and fan culture, adding that he believes this transformation is happening rapidly.^[55] On March 3, 2015, Crew SC announced that they had agreed to a multimillion-dollar stadium naming rights partnership with MAPFRE Insurance, a first for the stadium.^[56] In 2015, Crew SC and EAS Sports Nutrition agreed to a naming rights deal for its training facilities. Merchandise sales grew double digits since the previous year, as did food and beverage sales. It was also announced that the club gained over 1,000 new season ticket members from the previous year.^[57]

Sponsors

Mars' Snickers chocolate bar was Crew SC's first uniform sponsor, on a five-year, $6 million deal that lasted from 1996 to 2000.^[58] From 2002 to 2004 Pepsi was the team's shirt sponsor.^[59] Glidden was the Crew's shirt sponsor from 2008 to 2010, a deal worth $1 million per year.^[82] In early 2012, they signed a five-year deal with Barbasol, which is based in Dublin, Ohio, for an undisclosed fee.^[60]

In late February 2017, Columbus Crew SC signed a three-year deal with Acura, making the company the Official Jersey Partner and the Official Automotive Partner of the team. The deal was also the largest annual commercial transaction in club history.^[61]

Club culture

Supporters: The Nordecke Transformation

Before the 2008 season, the Columbus Crew front office demolished the north stands where the most ardent of Crew supporters stood, in order to build a stage that would provide additional revenue by facilitating concerts and other events. Prior to this, the team's three supporters' groups (Crew Supporters Union, Hudson Street Hooligans, and La Turbina Amarilla) sat apart because of differences between the groups ranging from age to ethnicity. The building of the stage forced the groups to come together into the north corner of the stadium, forming one large block of vocal and artistic support. Putting their differences aside, the three groups formed the Nordecke ({{IPAc-en|pron|n|ɔr|d|'|ɛ|k|ə}}) which is German for "north corner", celebrating the city's German heritage. In 2006 a large contingency of fans from the Nordecke began traveling together to support the Crew during their away campaigns. In late 2009/early 2010 the term "NorOnTour" grew popular on social networking, to describe the frequent fan traveling support.^[62]

Mascot

Columbus Crew SC's first mascot was "Crew Cat", who was the franchise's mascot for almost 20 years.^[63] Columbus' official mascot is "S.C", the son of "Crew Cat" that was introduced for the 2015 MLS season.^[64]

Rivalries

The Crew has a rivalry with the Chicago Fire.^[65] Columbus is roughly a six-hour drive away from Chicago. Due to the relative close proximity of the two cities, it is not uncommon for supporters of both teams to make the trip to support their club in matches between the two. In the 2008 season, Columbus defeated Chicago in the Eastern Conference Championship match. In 1998, Chicago defeated Columbus for the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.

MLS frames matches between Toronto FC and Columbus as a rivalry, creating a trophy called the Trillium Cup, awarded to the team that wins the season series.^[65] The Crew also contests FC Dallas for the Lamar Hunt Pioneer Cup. Lamar Hunt was the owner of both of these teams until his death.

Broadcasting

For the 2016 season, Crew SC games aired on TWC Sports Channel (now Spectrum Sports), simulcast on Sinclair Broadcast Group-operated stations in Columbus. The majority of games aired on The CW affiliate WWHO, and selected games also aired on WSYX, WTTE, and WSYX's MyNetworkTV subchannel.^[71]^[72] Dwight Burgess and Neil Sika served as co-hosts.^[73]

In 2019, the team reached a new deal with Fox Sports Ohio, placing all matches on either it or secondary channel SportsTime Ohio.^[74]

English language radio broadcasts were on 102.5 WWCD with simulcast audio from Burgess and Sika.^[75] Spanish radio broadcasts were on 103.1 FM WVKO-FM with Juan Valladares calling all home and road games.^[76]

Players and staff

Current roster

Out on loan

Team management

Head coach history

Crew SC have had eight different head coaches since joining the league in 1996. Timo Liekoski, the only Finnish head coach in MLS history, was the first head coach in 1996, but started 6–16 and was fired midseason to be replaced by Tom Fitzgerald.^[78] Sigi Schmid managed the team for three seasons (2006–08). Robert Warzycha was the head coach twice, the first time on an interim basis prior to Schmid's arrival and then immediately after Schmid left until September 2, 2013, when he was fired and Brian Bliss became the interim coach. On November 16, 2013 it was announced that Gregg Berhalter would become the head coach as well as the first sporting director in club history.^[79]

Fitzgerald and Warzycha are currently tied for the all-time leader in regular season wins (70).^[80]

General manager and sporting director history

Honors

Record

Year-by-year

International tournaments

Player records

Appearances

Goals

Assists

Shutouts

Captains

Average attendance

References

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8. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰{{cite web|title=2011 Columbus Crew Media Guide|url=http://mlsdigitalpr.drupalgardens.com/sites/mlsdigitalpr.drupalgardens.com/files/2011%20Columbus%20Crew%20Media%20Guide.pdf|pages=14–20|publisher=Columbus Crew|accessdate=November 8, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425080107/http://mlsdigitalpr.drupalgardens.com/sites/mlsdigitalpr.drupalgardens.com/files/2011%20Columbus%20Crew%20Media%20Guide.pdf|archivedate=April 25, 2012}}
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11. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web|title=2011 Columbus Crew Media Guide|url=http://mlsdigitalpr.drupalgardens.com/sites/mlsdigitalpr.drupalgardens.com/files/2011%20Columbus%20Crew%20Media%20Guide.pdf|pages=89–93|publisher=Columbus Crew|accessdate=November 8, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425080107/http://mlsdigitalpr.drupalgardens.com/sites/mlsdigitalpr.drupalgardens.com/files/2011%20Columbus%20Crew%20Media%20Guide.pdf|archivedate=April 25, 2012}}
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24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.columbuscrewsc.com/news/2013/09/crew-parts-ways-head-coach-robert-warzycha |title=Crew parts ways with Head Coach Robert Warzycha | Columbus Crew |publisher=Columbus Crew SC |accessdate=September 2, 2013}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.columbuscrewsc.com/news/2013/07/precourt-sports-ventures-acquires-columbus-crew|title=Precourt Sports Ventures acquires Columbus Crew|work=Columbus Crew|accessdate=March 31, 2015}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.columbuscrewsc.com/greggberhalter|title=Gregg Berhalter|work=Columbus Crew|accessdate=March 31, 2015}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.columbuscrewsc.com/brazil/news/2014/07/giancarlo-gonzalez-performing-among-worlds-elite-2014-fifa-world-cup|title=Giancarlo Gonzalez performing among world's elite at 2014 FIFA World Cup|work=Columbus Crew|accessdate=March 31, 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.columbuscrewsc.com/news/2014/11/crew-scs-michael-parkhurst-wins-major-league-soccers-xbox-individual-fair-play-award|title=Crew SC's Michael Parkhurst wins Major League Soccer's Xbox Individual Fair Play Award|work=Columbus Crew|accessdate=March 31, 2015}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.columbuscrewsc.com/news/2014/08/crew-names-andy-loughnane-president-business-operations|title=Crew names Andy Loughnane President of Business Operations|work=Columbus Crew|accessdate=March 31, 2015}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Columbus Crew unveil new logo, brand identity with nods to team's heritage, city, supporters|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2014/10/08/columbus-crew-unveil-new-logo-brand-identity-nods-teams-heritage-city-supporters|website=MLSsoccer.com|accessdate=August 12, 2017}}
31. ^{{cite web|title = Soccer {{!}} Crew: Kamara's signing will add scoring punch for 2015|url = http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/sports/2014/10/07/1007-crew-signing.html|website = The Columbus Dispatch|access-date = January 13, 2016}}
32. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2015/07/13/2015-att-mls-all-star-game-roster|title = 2015 AT&T MLS All-Star Game Roster|access-date = January 13, 2016|website = MLS Soccer}}
33. ^{{cite web|title = Crew SC hosts largest sellout crowd since 2008|url = http://www.columbuscrewsc.com/news/2015/09/mapfre-stadium-hosts-largest-sellout-crowd-2008|website = Columbus Crew|accessdate = November 3, 2015}}
34. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2015/11/29/columbus-crew-sc-host-portland-timbers-2015-mls-cup-december-6|title = Columbus Crew SC to host Portland Timbers in 2015 MLS Cup on December 6|access-date = January 13, 2016|website = MLS Soccer}}
35. ^{{cite web|title = Portland Timbers win 2015 MLS Cup with 2–1 victory over Columbus Crew|url = http://www.oregonlive.com/timbers/index.ssf/2015/12/portland_timbers_win_mls_cup_w.html|website = The Oregonian|access-date = January 13, 2016}}
36. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2015/11/03/kamara-trapp-named-finalists-major-league-soccer-awards|title = Kamara, Trapp named finalists for Major League Soccer awards|access-date = January 13, 2016|website = Columbus Crew SC}}
37. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2015/11/05/kamara-named-mls-works-humanitarian-year-presented-advocare|title = Kamara named MLS WORKS Humanitarian of the Year presented by Advocare|access-date = January 13, 2016|website = Columbus Crew SC}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2017/10/17/statement-precourt-sports-ventures|title=Statement from Precourt Sports Ventures|date=October 17, 2017|accessdate=October 18, 2017}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/columbus-crew-sc/story/3251067/ohio-gov-john-kasich-says-crew-sc-hasnt-created-the-spark-in-columbus|title=Ohio Gov. John Kasich says Crew SC 'hasn't created the spark' in Columbus|publisher=}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/major-league-soccer/story/3272114/columbus-mayors-meeting-with-mls-and-crew-owner-anthony-precourt-leave-sides-frustrated|title=Columbus city leaders' meeting with MLS, Precourt leave sides frustrated|date=November 15, 2017|accessdate=November 16, 2017}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2017/11/15/crew-sc-ownership-statement-meeting-columbus-mayor-mls|title=Crew SC ownership statement on meeting with Columbus mayor, MLS|date=November 15, 2017|accessdate=November 16, 2017}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.statesman.com/sports/soccer/columbus-officials-crew-owner-find-little-common-ground-meeting/ib3TMzL0cKg05lFGrOpjpM/|title=MLS to Austin: NYC meeting fails to bring Crew, Columbus together|publisher=|accessdate=November 17, 2017}}
43. ^{{cite news |last=Straus |first=Brian |date=December 8, 2017 |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2017/12/08/mls-commissioner-don-garber-columbus-relocation-austin-expansion-tam |title=Garber clarifies MLS's position on Columbus relocation |work=Sports Illustrated |accessdate=December 11, 2017}}
44. ^{{cite news |last=Schladen |first=Marty |date=March 5, 2018 |title=Ohio, Columbus suing to keep Crew SC from moving to Austin |url=http://www.dispatch.com/news/20180305/ohio-columbus-suing-to-keep-crew-sc-from-moving-to-austin |work=Columbus Dispatch |accessdate=March 5, 2018}}
45. ^{{cite news |last=Siegel |first=Jim |date=December 6, 2017 |title=Lawmaker wants to use law passed after Browns move to block Crew from leaving |url=http://www.dispatch.com/news/20171206/lawmaker-wants-to-use-law-passed-after-browns-move-to-block-crew-from-leaving |work=Columbus Dispatch |accessdate=March 5, 2018}}
46. ^{{cite press release|title=Statement from Dee and Jimmy Haslam on interest in Columbus Crew|url=https://www.clevelandbrowns.com/news/statement-from-dee-and-jimmy-haslam-on-interest-in-columbus-crew|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC|website=ClevelandBrowns.com|date=October 12, 2018|accessdate=October 13, 2018}}
47. ^{{cite news|author=MLSsoccer staff|title=Cleveland Browns owners emerge as potential buyers of Columbus Crew SC|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2018/10/12/cleveland-browns-owners-emerge-potential-buyers-columbus-crew-sc|publisher=MLS Digital|website=MLSSoccer.com|date=October 12, 2018|accessdate=October 13, 2018}}
48. ^{{cite web|author=Patrick Guldan and Pat Murphy|url=https://www.massivereport.com/2018/12/28/18159083/columbus-crew-sc-officially-sold-to-pete-edwards-dee-jimmy-haslam-pete-edwards|title=Crew SC officially sold to Edwards, Haslam|website=MassiveReport.com|publisher=SB Nation|accessdate=January 1, 2019|date=December 28, 2018}}
49. ^{{cite web|last1=Precourt|first1=Anthony|title=Owner-Operator and Chairman, Columbus Crew|url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2014/02/03/columbus-crew-owner-anthony-precourt-says-club-logo-not-representative-citys|accessdate=October 26, 2014}}
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51. ^{{cite news |last=Bush |first=Bill |date=December 6, 2018 |title=New Crew SC stadium would anchor ‘Confluence Village’ west of Arena District |url=https://www.dispatch.com/news/20181206/new-crew-sc-stadium-would-anchor-confluence-village-west-of-arena-district |work=The Columbus Dispatch |accessdate=December 19, 2018}}
52. ^¹{{cite web |title=The Columbus Dispatch, Crew catching up financially to rest of MLS |date=September 13, 2012 |url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/09/13/scoring-goals.html}}
53. ^¹Sports Business Journal, Crew makes strides off the field but remains short of season-ticket sales goal, November 19, 2012, http://m.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2012/11/19/Franchises/Crew.aspx
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55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/sports/2014/12/21/financial-stability-is-a-priority.html|title=Soccer: Financial stability is a priority for Crew|author=Adam Jardy|work=The Columbus Dispatch|accessdate=March 31, 2015}}
56. ^{{cite web|title = Soccer {{!}} Crew's home has new name: Mapfre Stadium|url = http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/sports/2015/03/04/0303-crew-stadium.html|website = The Columbus Dispatch|accessdate = November 26, 2015}}
57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/SB-Blogs/On-The-Ground/2015/11/MLSsemis.aspx|title=MLS Cup conference finals: A look at four teams’ business off the pitch|publisher=sportsbusinessdaily.com|accessdate=January 4, 2017}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/1996/07/23/Sponsorships-Advertising-Marketing/CREW-LANDS-ON-MARS-SNICKERS-NAMED-OFFICIAL-BAR-OF-MLS.aspx|title=CREW LANDS ON MARS: SNICKERS NAMED OFFICIAL BAR OF MLS|website=www.sportsbusinessdaily.com|accessdate=September 13, 2017}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dispatch.com/sports/20170224/crew-sc-in-teams-biggest-deal-acura-on-board-as-jersey-sponsor|title=Crew SC: In team's biggest deal, Acura on board as jersey sponsor|first=Andrew|last=Erickson|publisher=|accessdate=September 13, 2017}}
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67. ^{{cite web|last1=King|first1=Andrew|title=FC Cincinnati eclipse 'wildest dreams' in raucous Open Cup win over Crew SC|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2017/06/14/fc-cincinnati-eclipse-wildest-dreams-raucous-open-cup-win-over-crew-sc|website=Major League Soccer|accessdate=June 22, 2017|date=June 14, 2017}}
68. ^{{cite web|last1=Stejskal|first1=Sam|title=FC Cincinnati sell over 25,000 tickets for Wednesday's match vs. Crew SC|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2017/06/14/fc-cincinnati-sell-over-25000-tickets-wednesdays-match-vs-crew-sc|website=Major League Soccer|accessdate=June 22, 2017|date=June 14, 2017}}
69. ^{{cite web|last1=Hatch|first1=Charlie|title=Crew SC: Loss to FC Cincinnati 'frustrating'|url=http://www.cincinnati.com/story/sports/soccer/fc-cincinnati/2017/06/15/crew-sc-loss-fc-cincinnati-frustrating/398870001/|website=The Cincinnati Enquirer|accessdate=June 22, 2017|date=June 15, 2017}}
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