“Indian New Zealanders”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Indian New Zealanders or Indo-Kiwis are New Zealanders of Indian origin or descent, living in New Zealand. Although the term "Indian" is more of a nationality, rather than ethnicity given the vast racial diversity within the populations of India, it generally denotes people with subcontinental heritage. The term includes Indians born in New Zealand, immigrants from India, Indian Fijians, Indians born in Africa such as Indian South Africans and Indians in East Africa or any New Zealander with one or both parents of Indian heritage. Although sometimes times the Indo-Kiwi definition has been expanded to people with mixed racial parentage with one Indian parent or grandparent, this can be controversial as it generally tends to remove the ethnic heritage or identity of the foreign parent or grandparent which may be termed as insensitive to those with mixed parentage, who tend to value both their Indian and non-Indian parents and grandparents.

Most early New Zealand Indians were of Punjabi or Gujarati descent.^[2] Indian New Zealanders are the fastest growing Kiwi ethnic group, and the second largest group of New Zealand Asians.^[3]

The largest number of Indians living in New Zealand are from Fiji. The fourth largest language in New Zealand is Fiji Hindi, shown in the 2013 census. According to ENZ.org (a New Zealand Government affiliate), since 2011 18,000 Indians have migrated to New Zealand.^[4] In 2011, the Indian population in New Zealand was 155000, so there are 174,000 Indians in New Zealand (2014) due to the additional immigration of 18,000.^[4] For the year ending in May 2015, New Zealand witnessed a record high of 12,100 immigrants from India.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}

Demographics

Over two-thirds (68.5 percent) of Indian New Zealanders live in the Auckland Region, with 25.2 percent living elsewhere in the North Island and 6.3 percent in the South Island. 93.3 percent live in a main urban area (i.e. population 30,000 or more).^[6]

According to the 2013 census, 26.6 percent of Indian New Zealanders were born in New Zealand, the majority of whom were aged under 15. Of those born overseas, 55.6 percent were born in India, 67.6 percent had been living in New Zealand for at least five years, and 12.9 percent had been living in New Zealand for at least 20 years.^[6]

At the 2013 census, 72.0 percent of Indian New Zealanders aged 15 and over were in the labour force, of which 8.3 percent were unemployed. The large employment industries of Indians were retail trade (16.3 percent), health care and social assistance (11.7 percent), and accommodation and food services (9.7 percent).^[6]

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References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/asian.aspx],|title=[Stats NZ|publisher=}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/LEARNING/AAINAA/ceremonies/indians_nz.html |title=Indians in New Zealand - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410221742/http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/LEARNING/AAINAA/ceremonies/indians_nz.html |archivedate=10 April 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nriol.com/content/snippets/snippet1125.asp |title=Indians in New Zealand form fastest growing ethnic group}}
4. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.enz.org/migrants.html|title=New Zealand Migrants – How Many and From Where?|website=www.enz.org}}
5. ^¹²³{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/ethnic-profiles.aspx?request_value=24743&tabname=Keyfacts&p=y&printall=true |title=2013 Census ethnic group profiles: Indian |work= Statistics New Zealand |accessdate= 21 June 2016}}
6. ^Rohit Kumar Happy