“-ine”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

-ine is a suffix used in chemistry to denote two kinds of substance. The first is a chemically basic and alkaloidal substance. It was proposed by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in an editorial accompanying a paper by Friedrich Sertürner describing the isolation of the alkaloid "morphium", which was subsequently renamed to "morphine".^[1] Examples include quinine, morphine and guanidine.^[2] The second usage is to denote a hydrocarbon of the second degree of unsaturation. Examples include hexine and heptine.^[2] With simple hydrocarbons, this usage is identical to the IUPAC suffix -yne.

The suffix is usually pronounced either {{IPAc-en|iː|n}} or {{IPAc-en|ɪ|n}} depending on the word it appears in and the accent of the speaker. In a few words (for example, quinine and strychnine), the {{IPAc-en|aɪ|n}} sound is normal in some accents. Gasoline ends with {{IPAc-en|iː|n}}; glycerine more often with {{IPAc-en|ɪ|n}} than with {{IPAc-en|iː|n}}.

It is noteworthy also that some elements of the periodic table (namely the halogens, in the Group 17) have this suffix: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At), ending which was continued in the artificially created tennessine (Ts).

The suffix -in ({{IPAc-en|ɪ|n}}) is etymologically related and overlaps in usage with -ine. Many proteins and lipids have names ending with -in: for example, the enzymes pepsin and trypsin, the hormones insulin and gastrin, and the lipids stearin (stearine) and olein.

References

1. ^Sneader W. (2005). Drug Discovery: A History, pp. 90-91. Wiley.
2. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?-ine |title=Definition -ine |accessdate=2008-03-29 |publisher=Centre for Cancer Education |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5io4pObGd?url=http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?-ine |archivedate=2009-08-05 |deadurl=yes |df= }}