| 词条 | Commanding General of the United States Army |
| 释义 |
| post = Commanding General | body = the United States Army | flag = | flagsize = | flagcaption = | insignia = | insigniasize = | insigniacaption = | image = Nelson A. Miles by Brands Studios, 1898.jpg | imagecaption = Last in office LTG Nelson A. Miles 5 October 1895—8 August 1903 | incumbent = | incumbentsince = | department = United States Army United States Department of War | status = Senior-most officer | style = | member_of = | reports_to = United States Secretary of War | residence = | seat = Several HQs {{small|(Washington)}} | nominator = | appointer = The President | appointer_qualified = with Congress advice and consent | termlength = No fixed term | termlength_qualified = | constituting_instrument = An Act of the Second Continental Congress | precursor = | formation = 15 June 1775 June 1821 | first = GEN George Washington {{small|as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army}} MG Jacob Brown {{small|as Commanding General of the United States Army}} | last = LTG Nelson A. Miles | abolished = 8 August 1903 | succession = Chief of Staff of the Army | abbreviation = | unofficial_names = | deputy = | salary = | website = }} Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the Army in 1903, there was generally recognized to be a single senior-most officer in the United States Army (and its predecessor the Continental Army), even though there was not a statutory office as such. During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the title was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. In 1783, the title was simplified to Senior Officer of the United States Army. In 1821, the title was changed to Commanding General of the United States Army. The office was often referred to by various other titles, such as "Major General Commanding the Army" or "General-in-Chief." From 1789 until its abolition in 1903, the position of Commanding General was legally subordinate to the Secretary of War, although this was at times contested.{{efn|King}} The position was abolished with the creation of the statutory Chief of Staff of the Army in 1903. Office holders† denotes people who died in office. Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army{{Officeholder table start| showorder = y | showimage = y | officeholder_title = Commander-in-Chief | showtermlenght = y | showparty = n | showdefencebranch = n | showref = n }}{{Officeholder table | order = 1 | image = Portrait of George Washington.jpeg | military_rank = General{{efn|Promoted posthumously to General of the Armies in 1976, by an Act of Congress (Public Law 94-479) as part of the United States Bicentennial.}} | officeholder = George Washington | officeholder_sort = Washington, George | officeholder_note = {{efn|Appointed by the Second Continental Congress, after being nominated by Samuel Adams and John Adams. Resigned to the Congress of the Confederation, at the end of the American Revolutionary War.}} | born_year = 1732 | died_year = 1799 | term_start = 15 June 1775 | term_end = 23 December 1783 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1775|06|15|1783|12|23}} }}{{Officeholder table end}} Senior Officer of the United States Army{{Officeholder table start| showorder = y | showimage = y | officeholder_title = Senior Officer | showtermlenght = y | showparty = n | showdefencebranch = n | showref = n }}{{Officeholder table | order = 1 | image = HenryKnoxSmall.jpg | military_rank = Major general | officeholder = Henry Knox | officeholder_sort = Knox, Henry | officeholder_note = {{efn|Resigned to begin career farming and developing land in Maine; appointed Secretary of War under Articles of Confederation in 1785.}} | born_year = 1750 | died_year = 1806 | term_start = 23 December 1783 | term_end = 20 June 1784 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1783|12|23|1784|06|20}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 2 | image = JohnDoughty.jpg | military_rank = Brevet Major | officeholder = John Doughty | officeholder_sort = Doughty, John | officeholder_note = {{efn|Served when all of the Army but 80 men were discharged.}} | born_year = 1754 | died_year = 1826 | term_start = 20 June 1784 | term_end = 12 August 1784 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1784|06|20|1784|08|12}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 3 | image = Josiah Harmar by Raphaelle Peale.jpeg | military_rank = Brevet Brigadier general | officeholder = Josiah Harmar | officeholder_sort = Harmar, Josiah | officeholder_note = {{efn|Removed by President George Washington in the aftermath of the Harmar Campaign.}} | born_year = 1753 | died_year = 1813 | term_start = 12 August 1784 | term_end = 4 March 1791 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1784|08|12|1791|03|04}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 4 | image = ArthurStClairOfficialPortrait.jpg | military_rank = Major general | officeholder = Arthur St. Clair | officeholder_sort = St. Clair, Arthur | officeholder_note = {{efn|Simultaneously served as Governor of the Northwest Territory (1787–1802). Resigned as Senior Officer at the request of President George Washington, in the aftermath of the St. Clair's Defeat.}} | born_year = 1736 | died_year = 1818 | term_start = 4 March 1791 | term_end = 5 March 1792 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1791|03|04|1792|03|05}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 5 | image = Anthony Wayne.jpg | military_rank = Major general | officeholder = Anthony Wayne | officeholder_sort = Wayne, Anthony | officeholder_note = | born_year = 1745 | died_year = 1796 | died = y | term_start = 13 April 1792 | term_end = 15 December 1796 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1792|04|13|1796|12|15}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 6 | image = James Wilkinson.jpg | military_rank = Brigadier general | officeholder = James Wilkinson | officeholder_sort = Wilkinson, James | officeholder_note = | born_year = 1757 | died_year = 1825 | term_start = 15 December 1796 | term_end = 13 July 1798 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1796|12|15|1798|07|13}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 7 | image = Portrait of George Washington.jpeg | military_rank = Lieutenant general | officeholder = George Washington | officeholder_sort = Washington, George | officeholder_note = {{efn|Appointed during the Quasi-War against the French Republic. Did not actively command the Army during this period but was prepared to lead the Army if the need arose.}} | born_year = 1732 | died_year = 1799 | died = y | term_start = 13 July 1798 | term_end = 14 December 1799 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1798|07|13|1799|12|14}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 8 | image = Alexander Hamilton portrait by John Trumbull 1806.jpg | military_rank = Major general | officeholder = Alexander Hamilton | officeholder_sort = Hamilton, Alexander | officeholder_note = {{efn|Previously served as Secretary of the Treasury (1789–1795). Served as Inspector General of the Army with rank of major general from July 19, 1798. Became Senior Officer in the Army after the death of Washington.}} | born_year = 1755/1757 | died_year = 1804 | term_start = 14 December 1799 | term_end = 15 June 1800 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1799|12|14|1800|06|15}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = (6) | image = James Wilkinson.jpg | military_rank = Brigadier general{{efn|Promoted to major general during the War of 1812 and retired on June 15, 1815.}} | officeholder = James Wilkinson | officeholder_sort = Wilkinson, James | officeholder_note = | born_year = 1757 | died_year = 1825 | term_start = 15 June 1800 | term_end = 27 January 1812 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1800|06|15|1812|01|27}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 9 | image = Henry Dearborn.jpg | military_rank = Major general | officeholder = Henry Dearborn | officeholder_sort = Dearborn, Henry | officeholder_note = {{efn|Previously served as Secretary of War (1801–1809). Last American Revolutionary War veteran to serve as Senior Officer.}} | born_year = 1751 | died_year = 1829 | term_start = 27 January 1812 | term_end = 15 June 1815 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1812|01|27|1815|06|15}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 10 | image = Jacob Jennings Brown.jpg | military_rank = Major general | officeholder = Jacob Brown | officeholder_sort = Brown, Jacob | officeholder_note = {{efn|Appointed Commanding General of the Army.}} | born_year = 1775 | died_year = 1828 | term_start = 15 June 1815 | term_end = June 1821 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1815|06|15|1821|06|01}} }}{{Officeholder table end}} Commanding General of the United States Army{{Officeholder table start| showorder = y | showimage = y | officeholder_title = Commanding General | showtermlenght = y | showparty = n | showdefencebranch = n | showref = n }}{{Officeholder table | order = 1 | image = Jacob Jennings Brown.jpg | military_rank = Major general | officeholder = Jacob Brown | officeholder_sort = Brown, Jacob | officeholder_note = | born_year = 1775 | died_year = 1828 | died = y | term_start = June 1821 | term_end = 24 February 1828 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1821|06|01|1828|02|24}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 2 | image = AlexanderMacomb.jpg | military_rank = Major general | officeholder = Alexander Macomb | officeholder_sort = Macomb, Alexander | officeholder_note = | born_year = 1782 | died_year = 1841 | died = y | term_start = 29 May 1828 | term_end = 25 June 1841 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1828|05|29|1841|06|25}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 3 | image = Winfield Scott by Fredricks, 1862.jpg | military_rank = Brevet Lieutenant general | officeholder = Winfield Scott | officeholder_sort = Scott, Winfield | officeholder_note = {{efn|Personally commanded the Army in the Battle for Mexico City in 1847, during the Mexican–American War. Upon his retirement, at the commencement of the American Civil War, he was the oldest serving Commanding General of the U.S. Army in history at age 75.}} | born_year = 1786 | died_year = 1866 | term_start = 5 July 1841 | term_end = 1 November 1861 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1841|07|05|1861|11|01}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 4 | image = GeorgeMcClellan.jpeg | military_rank = Major general | officeholder = George B. McClellan | officeholder_sort = McClellan, George B. | officeholder_note = {{efn|Simultaneously served as Commander of the Army of the Potomac. Removed by President Abraham Lincoln in order to focus on the Peninsula Campaign.}} | born_year = 1826 | died_year = 1885 | term_start = 1 November 1861 | term_end = 11 March 1862 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1861|11|01|1862|03|11}} }} |-style="text-align:center;" |colspan=7|Position vacant (11 March 1862 – 23 July 1862){{efn|Eicher, Civil War High Commands. The gap from March 11, 1862 to July 23, 1862 was filled with direct control of the army by President Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, with the help of an unofficial "War Board" that was established on March 17, 1862. The board consisted of Ethan A. Hitchcock, the chairman, with Department of War bureau chiefs Lorenzo Thomas, Montgomery C. Meigs, Joseph G. Totten, James W. Ripley, and Joseph P. Taylor.}} |-{{Officeholder table | order = 5 | image = Henry Wager Halleck - Brady-Handy.jpg | military_rank = Major general | officeholder = Henry Halleck | officeholder_sort = Halleck, Henry | officeholder_note = {{efn|Reassigned as the Army's chief of staff, subordinate to Grant.}} | born_year = 1815 | died_year = 1872 | term_start = 23 July 1862 | term_end = 9 March 1864 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1862|07|23|1864|03|09}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 6 | image = GenUSGrant.jpg | military_rank = General of the Army | officeholder = Ulysses S. Grant | officeholder_sort = Grant, Ulysses S. | officeholder_note = {{efn|Resigned to become the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877).}} | born_year = 1822 | died_year = 1885 | term_start = 9 March 1864 | term_end = 4 March 1869 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1864|03|09|1869|03|04}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 7 | image = William-Tecumseh-Sherman.jpg | military_rank = General of the Army | officeholder = William Tecumseh Sherman | officeholder_sort = Sherman, William Tecumseh | officeholder_note = {{efn|Resigned position; retired upon reaching mandatory retirement age of 64 in 1884.}} | born_year = 1820 | died_year = 1891 | term_start = 8 March 1869 | term_end = 1 November 1883 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1869|03|08|1883|11|01}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 8 | image = Philip Sheridan 1.jpg | military_rank = General of the Army | officeholder = Philip Sheridan | officeholder_sort = Sheridan, Philip | officeholder_note = | born_year = 1831 | died_year = 1888 | died = y | term_start = 1 November 1883 | term_end = 5 August 1888 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1883|11|01|1888|08|05}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 9 | image = John M Schofield by CM Bell, c1860s (cropped).JPG | military_rank = Lieutenant general | officeholder = John Schofield | officeholder_sort = Schofield, John | officeholder_note = {{efn|name=Mandatory retirement|Retired upon reaching mandatory retirement age of 64.}} | born_year = 1831 | died_year = 1906 | term_start = 14 August 1888 | term_end = 29 September 1895 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1888|08|14|1895|09|29}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 10 | image = Nelson A. Miles by Brands Studios, 1898.jpg | military_rank = Lieutenant general | officeholder = Nelson A. Miles | officeholder_sort = Miles, Nelson A. | officeholder_note = {{efn|name=Mandatory retirement}} | born_year = 1839 | died_year = 1925 | term_start = 5 October 1895 | term_end = 8 August 1903 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1895|10|05|1903|08|08}} }}{{Officeholder table end}} See also
Notes{{notelist|2}}Bibliography
| last1 = Eicher | first1 = John H. | last2 = Eicher | first2 = David J. | title = Civil War High Commands | publisher = Stanford University Press | year = 2001 | ISBN = 0-8047-3641-3 }}
| first = William Gardner| last = Bell | title = Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005: Portraits and Biographical Sketches | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = United States Army Center of Military History | year = 2005 | url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/CG&CSA/CG-TOC.htm | ref = Bell }}
| last1 = King | first1 = Archibald | title = Command of the Army | series = Military Affairs | location = Charlottesville, Virginia | publisher = The Judge Advocate General's School, U.S. Army | year = 1949/1960 reprint | url = https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/Command-Army_King.pdf | ref = King }}{{US Army Chiefs of Staff}}{{USAConfGov}}{{Star officer ranks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Commanding General of the United States Army}} 5 : United States Army organization|United States Army generals|1775 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies|1903 disestablishments in the United States|Commanding Generals of the United States Army |
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