“Internally displaced persons in the United States”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Internally displaced persons in the United States

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{{merge|Social effects of Hurricane Katrina|discuss=Talk:Social effects of Hurricane Katrina#Merger proposal|date=August 2018}}{{copypaste|date=August 2018}}Internally displaced persons in the United States are people from the Gulf States region in the southern United States, most notably New Orleans, Louisiana, who were forced to leave their homes due to the devastation brought on by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and were unable to return due to a multitude of factors, and are collectively known as the Gulf Coast diaspora, are by standard definition considered IDPs.^[1] A decade after Katrina, thousands of the hurricane's victims have yet to return to home. In 2005, an estimated 1.5 million people from Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana fled their homes in the face of Katrina. Roughly 40 percent of the people who left, particularly those from Louisiana, were not able to return to their pre-Katrina homes. Only 25 percent of Katrina evacuees relocated within a 10-mile radius of their previous county of residence; another 25 percent relocated more than 450 miles away; and 10 percent relocated to areas at least 830 miles away. Returning home can be an important step for the health and economic stability of low-income, climate-displaced families. Evidence indicates that the climate displaced, particularly those who are low income, can suffer from greater hardships than they did prior to evacuation.^[2] At their peak, hurricane evacuee shelters housed 273,000 people and, later, FEMA trailers housed at least 114,000 households.^[3]

The population of New Orleans fell from 484,674 before Katrina (April 2000) to an estimated 230,172 after Katrina (July 2006)—a decrease of 254,502 and a loss of over half of the city's population. By July 2015, the population was back up to 386,617—80% of what it was in 2000. However, not all those who moved to the city were returning residents.^[3] After Hurricane Katrina the privatization push gained momentum. With the opportunity to enact proposals that had circulated since the mid-1980s, the city council voted unanimously to demolish 4,500 units of traditional public housing. In just over a decade—from 1996 to 2007—the city managed to close 85% of the city's public housing, adopting a system of "mixed-income" projects and vouchers instead. While liberals touted it as "deconcentration," the removal project effectively (and efficiently) displaced low-income residents from areas ripe for profit-making. As a result, 16,000 families remain on the waitlist for subsidized housing.^[4]^[5]

References

1. ^http://www.atha.se/sites/default/files/ATHA%20IDP%20101%2002a%20IDP%20definition%20Dec%202010_0.pdf
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/reports/2015/08/18/119511/when-you-cant-go-home/|title=When You Can’t Go Home - Center for American Progress|publisher=}}
3. ^¹https://www.datacenterresearch.org/data-resources/katrina/facts-for-impact/
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/katrina-new-orleans-arne-duncan-charters/|title=Gentrification’s Ground Zero|publisher=}}
5. ^Katrina and Rita IDPs are not of concern to, and therefore not counted by, UNHCR ({{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/STATISTICS/4486ceb12.pdf|title=2005 Global Refugee Trends }}, UNHCR, Table 14, p. 94). They therefore do not appear in many international numbers. However, they are often discussed under the IDP definition. (Example: Harvard Educational Review editorial)

3 : Effects of Hurricane Katrina|Forced migrations in the United States|Internally displaced persons

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