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词条 International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
释义

  1. Objectives

  2. Structures

  3. General Assemblies, Presidents, and Secretaries General

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Infobox organization
|name = International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
|image = International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics logo.jpeg
|image_border =
|size = 150
|alt = green, dark blue, and white design within a circle
|caption =
|map =
|msize =
|malt =
|mcaption =
|abbreviation = IUGG
|motto =
|formation = {{start date and age|1919}}
|extinction =
|type = INGO
|status =
|purpose =
|headquarters =
|location = Potsdam, Germany
|region_served = Worldwide
|membership =
|language = English, French
|leader_title = President
|leader_name = Michael Sideris (Canada)
|leader_title2 = Vice President
|leader_name2 = Kathryn Whaler (UK)
|leader_title3 = Secretary General
|leader_name3 = Alik Ismail-Zadeh (Germany/Russia)
|leader_title4 = Treasurer
|leader_name4 = Aksel W. Hansen (Denmark)
|main_organ =
|parent_organization =
|affiliations =
|num_staff =
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|website = IUGG Official website
|remarks =
}}

The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG; {{lang-fr|Union géodésique et géophysique internationale}}, UGGI) is an international non-governmental organisation dedicated to the scientific study of the Earth and its space environment using geophysical and geodetic techniques.

The IUGG was established in Brussels, Belgium in 1919.[1][2][3][4] Some areas within its scope are environmental preservation, reduction of the effects of natural hazards, and mineral resources.

Objectives

IUGG's objectives are the promotion and coordination of studies related to Earth's physical, chemical and mathematical representation. This includes geometrical shape, internal structure, gravity and magnetic fields, seismicity, volcanism, hydrologic cycle, glaciers, oceans, atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere of Earth. It also includes solar, lunar and planetary studies.[5]

Structures

The IUGG consists of eight semi-autonomous associations:[6]

  • International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS)
  • International Association of Geodesy (IAG)
  • International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA)
  • International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS)
  • International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS)
  • International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO)
  • International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI)
  • International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI)

It has also established six commissions to promote interdisciplinary problems:[7]

  • Climatic and Environmental Changes (CCEC)
  • Mathematical Geophysics (CMG)
  • Geophysical Risk and Sustainability (GRC)
  • Study of the Earth's Deep Interior (SEDI)
  • Data and Information (UCDI)
  • Planetary Sciences (UCPS)

and the Union Working Group on History.

General Assemblies, Presidents, and Secretaries General

List of General Assemblies, Presidents, and Secretaries-General.[8]

Nr. YearGeneral Assembly inPresidentSecretary-General
27. 2019 Montreal Canada}}
26. 2015 Prague Czech Republic}}2015-2019 Michael Sideris Canada}} 2015-2019 Alik Ismail-ZadehGermany}}{{flagcountry|Russia}}
25. 2011 Melbourne Australia}} 2011-2015 Harsh Gupta India}} 2011-2015 Alik Ismail-ZadehGermany}}{{flagcountry|Russia}}
24. 2007 Perugia Italy}} 2007-2011 Tom Beer Australia}} 2007-2011 Alik Ismail-ZadehGermany}}{{flagcountry|Russia}}
23. 2003 Sapporo Japan}} 2003-2007 Uri Shamir Israel}} 2003-2007 JoAnn JoselynUSA}}
22. 1999 Birmingham UK}} 1999-2003 Masaru Kono Japan}} 1999-2003 JoAnn JoselynUSA}}
21. 1995 Boulder USA}} 1995-1999 P.J. Wyllie USA}} 1995-1999 Georges Balmino France}}
20. 1991 Vienna Austria}} 1991-1995 H. Moritz Austria}} 1991-1995 Georges Balmino France}}
19. 1987 Vancouver Canada}} 1987-1991 V.I. Keilis-Borok USSR}} 1987-1991 Baron Paul Melchior Belgium}}
18. 1983 Hamburg FRG}} 1983-1987 D. Lal India}} 1983-1987 Baron Paul Melchior Belgium}}
17. 1979 Canberra Australia}} 1979-1983 G.D. Garland Canada}} 1979-1983 Baron Paul Melchior Belgium}}
16. 1975 Grenoble France}} 1975-1979 A. Ashour Egypt}} 1973-1979 Baron Paul Melchior Belgium}}
15. 1971 Moscow Soviet Union}} 1971-1975 H. Charnock UK}} 1973-1991 Baron Paul Melchior Belgium}}
14. 1967 Zurich Switzerland}} 1967-1971 J. Coulomb France}} 1967-1973 G.D. Garland Canada}}
13. 1963 BerkeleyUSA}} 1963-1967 J. Kaplan USA}} 1963-1967 G.D. Garland Canada}}
12. 1960 Helsinki Finland}} 1960-1963 V.V. Beloussov USSR}} 1960-1963 G.R. Laclavère France}}
11. 1957 Toronto Canada}} 1957-1960 J.T. Wilson Canada}} 1957-1960 G.R. Laclavère France}}
10. 1954 Rome Italy}} 1954-1957 K.R. Ramanathan India}} 1954-1957 G.R. Laclavère France}}
9. 1951 Brussels Belgium}} 1951-1954 S. Chapman UK}} 1951-1954 G.R. Laclavère France}}
8. 1948 Oslo Norway}} 1948-1951 F.A. Vening Meinesz Netherlands}} 1946-1951 J.M. Stagg UK}}
7. 1939 Washington DC USA}} 1946-1948 B. Helland-Hansen Norway}} 1939-1946 H. St. J.L. Winterbotham UK}}
6. 1936 Edinburgh UK}} 1936-1942 D. La Cour Denmark}} 1936-1939 H. St. J.L. Winterbotham UK}}
5. 1933 Lisbon Portugal}} 1933-1936 W. Bowie USA}} 1933-1936 H. St. J.L. Winterbotham UK}}
4. 1930 Stockholm Sweden}} 1919-1933 C. Lallemand France}} 1930-1933 H. St. J.L. Winterbotham UK}}
3. 1927 Prague Czechoslovakia}} 1919-1933 C. Lallemand France}} 1927-1930 Sir Henry Lyons UK}}
2. 1924 Madrid Spain}} 1919-1933 C. Lallemand France}} 1924-1927 Sir Henry Lyons UK}}
1. 1922 Rome Italy}} 1919-1933 C. Lallemand France}} 1919-1924 Sir Henry Lyons UK}}

See also

  • List of geoscience organizations

References

1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Lyons|first1=Henry G.|title=The Brussels Meeting of the International Research Council|journal=Nature|year=1919|volume=103|issue=2598|pages=464–466}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Cochrane|first=Rexmond C.|title=The National Academy of Sciences: The First Hundred Years, 1863-1963|year=1978|publisher=National Academies}}
3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Good|first1=Gregory A.|title=The Assembly of Geophysics: Scientific Disciplines as Frameworks of Consensus|journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics|year=2000|volume=31|issue=3|pages=259–292|doi=10.1016/S1355-2198(00)00018-6|ref=harv|bibcode=2000SHPMP..31..259G}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ismail-Zadeh|first1=Alik|title=Geoscience international: the role of scientific unions|journal=Hist. Geo Space Sci.|year=2016|volume=7|pages=103-123}}
5. ^Burchfiel, B. C. (1987) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Nz0rAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32 International Role of U.S. Geoscience] US National Academies page 32
6. ^{{cite web|title=Associations of the IUGG|url=http://www.iugg.org/associations/|publisher=International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics|accessdate=2 May 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Union Commissions|url=http://www.iugg.org/about/commissions/|publisher=International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics|accessdate=2 May 2014}}
8. ^IUGG - Bureau of the Union. Retrieved 01/07/2015.
{{Refbegin}}{{Refend}}

External links

  • IUGG official website
{{International Council for Science}}{{Authority control}}{{geophysics-stub}}

7 : Geodesy organizations|Geophysics societies|Earth sciences organizations|International scientific organizations|Members of the International Council for Science|Scientific organizations established in 1919|International organisations based in Germany
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