| 词条 | Iosif Constantin Drăgan |
| 释义 |
Drăgan was involved in a series of controversies, including some alleged deals with the Securitate, his admiration of Romanian leader Ion Antonescu and being one of the main figures in the Protochronist current of Romanian historiography.[3] BiographyEarly lifeBorn in Lugoj, Drăgan graduated from Law School at the University of Bucharest in 1938, and earned in 1940 a scholarship at the University of Rome, where he studied political science and economics, earning a Ph.D. in law. At the time, Drăgan was attracted to fascist ideals and the Iron Guard, representing a corporatist trend inside the latter.[4] Drăgan explained his views on the Fascist Iron Guard in 1940 in the pro-Mussolini newspaper Conquiste d'Impero in two articles entitled "The Mystique of Codreanu's Legionnaires" and "Romanian Corporatism: Pieces of Legionnaire Doctrine". In 1987, based on these articles, the Italian magazine Il Panorama called him "a Legionnaire", but Drăgan sued them and won the trial, as they were not able to bring a proof that he was an actual member of the organization.[5] Business in ItalyIn 1941, he started a company which exported Romanian petroleum products to Fascist Italy. After World War II, in 1948, he established a gas distribution company in Italy, ButanGas.[6] After the war, with the Romanian Communist Party gaining power in Romania, he was not allowed for 30 years to return to Romania.[6] Protochronism and the relation with CeaușescuIn 1967, he started the "European Foundation Drăgan", which has the goal to promote the "values of the Romanian civilization".[6] He was also the founder of two publishing houses (Nagard in Italy and Europa Nova in Romania), a privately owned university, Universitatea Europeană Drăgan (founded in 1991 in Lugoj), a TV station, a radio station (Radio NovaFm) and a weekly newspaper (Redeșteptarea) and a daily local newspaper (Renașterea Bănățeană), all in Romania. He also funded the Statue of Decebalus, a 40-meter high carving, near Orşova. He wrote many historical works associated with the protochronism nationalist movement in Romanian history, which was later promoted by Nicolae Ceauşescu's regime.[7] Despite being a sympathiser of the Iron Guard, Drăgan became a semi-official collaborator of Ceaușescu and the Communist regime, and as a result, he had access to some documents never published before on Ion Antonescu, using them in a four volume-book which put him in a good light.[8] According to historian Lucian Boia, Drăgan promoted an extreme version of protochronism, which claimed that the Romania was the cradle of civilization, and the Romanian people the oldest in Europe: {{quote|text=As the author of We, the Thracians (1976) and editor of the periodical of the same title (Noi, tracii) that was launched in 1974, he was the leading figure of an entire movement aimed at amplifying the role of the Thracians in European history, a movement supported by all sorts of amateurs (even a lawyers' group!) but also by some less than scrupulous professionals (among them the archaeologists Dumitru Berciu and Ion Horaţiu Crişan). In the periodical Noi, tracii it was possible, for example, to claim that the ancestors of the Romanians lived 100,000 years ago, eloquent proof that the Romanian people is the oldest in the continent, if not in the world. As for the extent of the Thracians' territory, Drăgan generously allows them almost half of Europe, centered, evidently, on the present-day space of Romania.[9]}}After 1989After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, it was alleged that he supported financially Eugen Barbu and Corneliu Vadim Tudor to launch their far right România Mare newspaper.[7] Nevertheless, in 2008, Vadim denied that he got any funding from Drăgan.[3] Together with Vadim Tudor, he was the founder of "Liga Mareșal Ion Antonescu" in 1990, later renamed to "Liga Mareșalilor" following the changes in the Romanian legislation which disallowed the praise of the pro-Nazi dictator.[8] After his first wife, Teresa Maria Moriglioni, died in 1986,[10] Drăgan married, at the age of 78, Daniela Veronica Gușă, aged 22 at the time, the daughter of Ştefan Guşă, a Romanian Army General involved in the 1989 Revolution, who died of cancer in 1994.[11][12] Together they had three sons. Mike Fink (b. 1970), who claims to be Drăgan's son,[13] announced, in 2005, that he had not been able to contact his father in the previous three years. Ziua reached the conclusion that Drăgan was being held captive by his younger wife and his business partners.[14] However, he was seen dining in a restaurant only a few days later in Bucharest, together with his wife.[15] He died on August 21, 2008, at his house in Palma de Mallorca, Spain.[3][16] See also
References1. ^Jurnalul Naţional, "Top 300 – Ion Tiriac the Richest Romanian", 16 November 2005 {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dragan, Iosif Constantin}}2. ^Evenimentul Zilei, "Cei mai bogaţi români" ("The Richest Romanians)" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043523/http://www.expres.ro/article.php?artid=280367 |date=2007-09-30 }}, 15 November 2006 3. ^1 2 Primul miliardar român îşi ia secretele în groapă, Evenimentul Zilei, 23 August 2008 4. ^Francisco Veiga, Istoria Gărzii de Fier, 1919-1941: Mistica ultranaționalismului ("History of the Iron Guard, 1919-1941: The Mistque of Ultra-Nationalism"), Humanitas, Bucharest, 1993, p.287, 307 5. ^"Misterul lui Drăgan: de la legionar la „găzarul roşu“", Evenimentul Zilei, 24 August 2008 6. ^1 2 Jurnalul Naţional, "Omul care transformă gazul în bani gheaţă" ("The Man Turning Gas into Cash"), 26 July 2004 7. ^1 Katherine Verdery, National Ideology under Socialism. Identity and Cultural Politics in Ceaușescu's Romania, University of California Press, 1991. {{ISBN|0-520-20358-5}} 8. ^1 Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania (RICHR) submitted to President Ion Iliescu in Bucharest on November 11, 2004, and accepted by the Romanian government {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504102002/http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/presentations/index.php?content=programs%2Fpresentations%2F2005-03-10%2F |date=2006-05-04 }}. 9. ^Boia, Lucian, History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2001, p.105 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.antena3.ro/romania/iosif-constantin-dragan-mostenitorii-de-miliarde-se-pregatesc-de-batalie-53291.html|title=Iosif Constantin Drăgan. Moştenitorii de miliarde se pregătesc de bătălie|accessdate=September 10, 2014|language=Romanian|publisher=Antena3|date=August 26, 2008}} 11. ^"Ștefan Gușă" Foundation, Biography of the general on the "Ştefan Guşă" Foundation site, accessed on June 21, 2011 12. ^Ziua "Fiul rătăcitor în căutarea lui Iosif Constantin Drăgan" ("The Prodigal Son in Search for Iosif Constantin Drăgan") 9 June 2005 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gandul.info/stiri/batalia-pentru-miliardele-lui-i-c-dragan-teste-de-paternitate-negocieri-de-culise-procese-interminabile-3050426|title=Bătălia pentru miliardele lui I.C. Drăgan: teste de paternitate, negocieri de culise, procese interminabile|accessdate=September 10, 2014|publisher=Gandul|language=Romanian|date=August 29, 2008}} 14. ^Ziua, "Drăgan, tot în geam" ("Drăgan, Still on Display") {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224111/http://www.ziua.net/display.php?id=177752&data=2005-06-06&ziua=72598cb63e13ff9b2612a49f4dc16dd8 |date=2007-09-26 }}, 6 June 2005 15. ^Averea, "L-am descoperit pe I. C. Dragăn" ("We Have Uncovered I. C. Dragăn"), 14 June 2005 16. ^Ex-Nazi Romanian billionaire Iosif Constantin Dragan dead at 91 19 : 1917 births|2008 deaths|People from Lugoj|Socialist Republic of Romania|Romanian businesspeople|Romanian essayists|Members of the Iron Guard|20th-century Romanian politicians|Romanian expatriates in Italy|Romanian Greek-Catholics|Romanian journalists|Romanian memoirists|Romanian newspaper founders|Romanian philanthropists|University of Bucharest alumni|Italian people of Romanian descent|20th-century Romanian historians|20th-century essayists|20th-century philanthropists |
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