| 词条 | IRT Second Avenue Line | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|color = |name = IRT Second Avenue Elevated |image = Second Avenue El - demolition.jpg |image_width = 250 px |caption = The Second Avenue El, looking south on First Avenue from 13th Street during its demolition in September 1942 |type = Rapid transit |system = Interborough Rapid Transit Company |status = |locale = |start = 125th Street |end = City Hall South Ferry |stations = |routes = | daily_ridership = |open = 1878 |close = 1940–1942 |owner = City of New York |operator = New York City Transit Authority |character = Elevated |stock = |linelength = |tracklength = | tracks = 2-3 |gauge = {{RailGauge|ussg|allk=on}} | electrification = |speed = |elevation = |map = }} The IRT Second Avenue Line, also known as the Second Avenue Elevated or Second Avenue El, was an elevated railway in Manhattan, New York City, United States, from 1878 to 1942. It was operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company until 1940, when the city took over the bankrupt IRT. Service north of the 57th Street station ended on June 11, 1940; the rest of the line closed on June 13, 1942. HistoryIn 1875, the Rapid Transit Commission granted the Gilbert Elevated Railway Company the right to construct the railway from Battery Park to the Harlem River along Second Avenue.[1] The commission also granted the Gilbert Elevated Railway Company the right to operate the Sixth Avenue Elevated and soon afterward the Gilbert Elevated Railway changed its name to the Metropolitan Elevated Railway. Around 1900, the line was electrified.[2] Between 1914 and 1916 construction was undertaken to install a third track to provide express service on the line during peak hours.[2] Express service commenced on January 17, 1916.[3] The Second Avenue El did not run entirely on Second Avenue. Its southern terminus was City Hall, and it continued to Chatham Square, where it had a junction with the Third Avenue El and ran east along Division Street and then north to Allen Street. At Houston Street it ran north on First Avenue, where it turned left on 23rd Street ran north on Second Avenue to 129th Street. At that point it joined with the Third Avenue El and crossed the Harlem River into the Bronx.[4] As of 1934 Second Avenue service operated as follows:
On April 23, 1939 express service was inaugurated weekday and Saturday daytime in Queens between Queensboro Plaza and 111th Street, where elevated trains were cut back to. On September 8, 1939 Astoria trains were rerouted in the weekday PM peak to City Hall. The Second Avenue Elevated was closed north of 59th Street June 12, 1940.[2][5] Evening and Sunday Queens trains were extended to City Hall or South Ferry. On May 19, 1941 evening and Sunday service was discontinued. Finally, on June 13, 1942 all service was discontinued.[2][6] The M15 bus, which runs along much of the IRT Second Avenue Elevated Line's route, is one of the busiest bus routes in new York City.[7] However, it does not carry as many passengers as a rapid transit line, and transfers to rapid transit stations can only be made using surface connections. The Second Avenue Subway, a rapid transit route that also runs under Second Avenue, has been under consideration since 1919.[8][9] The demolition of the IRT Second Avenue Line was in anticipation of the subway's construction.[10][9] The first phase between 72nd Street and 96th Street opened in 2017,[9][11] and a second phase to Harlem–125th Street is being planned.[12] Station listing
References1. ^{{cite book |others=prepared by the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York |title=Rapid Transit in New York City and in Other Great Cities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Th4oAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA51 |accessdate=February 11, 2009 |year=1905 |page=52}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Manhattan East Side Transit Alternatives (MESA): Major Investment Study/Draft Environmental Impact Statement, August 1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiM3AQAAMAAJ&q=63rd+street#v=snippet&q=63rd%20street&f=false|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority, United States Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration|accessdate=July 11, 2016|date=August 1999}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05clAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Documents of the Senate of the State of New York|last=Senate|first=New York (State) Legislature|date=January 1, 1917|language=en}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Red Book Information Guide to New York|year=1935|publisher=Interstate Map Co.|page=}} 5. ^New York Times, [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0A14FF345D10728DDDAB0994DE405B8088F1D3 Two 'El' Lines End Transit Service], June 12, 1940, page 27 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://nytm.pastperfectonline.com/archive/67DB8E9F-FD6C-4A8D-8D4E-917305611700|title=Discontinuance of service Second Avenue elevated line.|last=|first=|date=1942|website=nytm.pastperfectonline.com|publisher=New York City Board of Transportation|access-date=December 4, 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web | title=Facts and Figures | website=mta.info | date=August 28, 2011 | url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ridership/ridership_bus_annual.htm | accessdate=January 19, 2016}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/10/03/109800180.pdf|title=CITY'S GROWTH DISCOUNTED IN PLANS FOR ADDING 830 MILES OF TRACK TO RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS; Work to Cover Period of Twenty-five Years and Cost $350,000,000--New Lines and Extensions Would Provide for a Population of Nine Millions and Carry Five Billion Passengers|last=|first=|date=October 3, 1920|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=January 2, 2017|issn=0362-4331}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web | last=Paumgarten | first=Nick | title=The Second Avenue Subway Is Here! | website=The New Yorker | date=February 6, 2017 | url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/02/13/the-second-avenue-subway-is-here | accessdate=February 24, 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://mta.info/planning/sas/sas_history_1.htm|title=Second Avenue Subway Project - History|last=|first=|date=October 19, 2002|website=mta.info|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=February 15, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20021019053707/http://mta.info/planning/sas/sas_history_1.htm|archivedate=October 19, 2002}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/01/nyregion/second-avenue-subway-opening-upper-east-side-manhattan.html|title=Opening of Second Avenue Subway: Updates|last=Slotnik|first=Daniel E.|date=January 1, 2017|work=| last2=Wolfe| first2=Jonathan|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|last3=Fitzsimmons|first3=Emma G.|last4=Palmer|first4=Emily| last5=Remnick| first5=Noah|access-date=January 1, 2017|via=}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/30/nyregion/anger-in-east-harlem-over-new-delays-in-2nd-ave-subway-plans.html|title=Anger in East Harlem Over New Delays in 2nd Ave. Subway Plans|last=Fitzsimmons|first=Emma G.|date=October 29, 2015|website=The New York Times|accessdate=November 3, 2015}} 13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news |title=More Elevated Facilities, the Second Avenue Line and City Hall Branch Opened |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1880/03/02/98613946.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=The New York Times Company |page=3 |date=March 2, 1880 |accessdate=February 21, 2009}} 14. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title=Rapid Transit on the Bowery |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1878/08/26/80726551.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=The New York Times Company |page=8 |date=August 26, 1878 |accessdate=February 10, 2009}} Further reading
External links
3 : Defunct New York City Subway lines|Interborough Rapid Transit Company|Railway lines closed in 1940 |
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