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词条 Islamic Republic of Iran Railways
释义

  1. History

      World War II   During Anglo-Soviet Invasion of Iran  Challenging construction  Railway construction 

  2. Rolling stock

  3. Operations

     Expansion 

  4. Affiliate companies

  5. Network and corridors

     North-South Railway  Links to Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia  Links to Central Asia  Links to Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan   Link to Turkey, and International Standard Gauge route to Europe    Link to Pakistan    International railway links with neighboring countries  

  6. Railway electrification

  7. Commuter Railway services

  8. High-speed rail

  9. See also

  10. References

  11. External links

{{Infobox rail network
|name = Railway of Islamic Republic of Iran
|color =
|logo =
|image = File: Iran railways 2014.jpg
|caption = Iran railway 2014
|nationalrailway = Rahahane Jomhorie Eslamiye Iran
|majoroperators =RAI, Tooka rail, Samand rail,
|ridership =21 million
|passkm =13 billion
|freight =31 million tonnes
|tonkm =22 billion tonnes
|infrastructure =
|length = {{convert|12998|km|mi|0}}
|doublelength = 1426 km
|ellength = 146 km
|freightlength =
|hslength =
|gauge = {{RailGauge|1435mm|lk=on}}
|hsgauge =
|gauge1 = {{RailGauge|1520mm|lk=on}}
|gauge1length =
|gauge2 = {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on}}
|gauge2length =
|gauge3 =
|gauge3length =
|gauge4 =
|gauge4length =
|el = {{25 kV 50 Hz}}
|el1 =
|el1length =
|el2 =
|el2length =
|el3 =
|el3length =
|start_year = 1887
|end_year = present
|notunnels = 105
|tunnellength = 120 m
|longesttunnel = 3000
|nobridges = 350
|longestbridge = 750 m
|nostations = 360
|highelevation = 2500 m
|highelat =
|lowelevation = -20 m
|lowelat =
|map =
|}}{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}{{Short description|State-owned rail company}}{{Use dmy dates|date = February 2019}}{{train topics}}

The Islamic Republic of Iran Railways (abbreviated IRIR or sometimes RAI) (Persian: Rāhāhane Jomhuriye Eslamiye Irān) is the national state-owned railway system of Iran. The Raja Passenger Train Company is an associate of the IR,[1] and manages its passenger trains. The Railway Transportation Company is an associate of the IR to manage its freight transport. The Ministry of Roads & Urban Development is the state agency that oversees the IRIR. Some 33 million tons of goods and 29 million passengers are transported annually by the rail transportation network, accounting for 9 percent and 11 percent of the whole transportations in Iran (2011).[2]

History

In 1887, during the time of Nasser-al-Din Shah, an 8.7 km {{Track gauge|1000mm|allk=on}} horse-driven suburban railway was established south of Tehran, that was later converted to steam. This line was closed in 1952.

The Tabriz–Jolfa line (146 km) was built in 1914, the Sufiyan–Sharafkhaneh (53 km) in 1916, and the Mirjaveh–Zahedan (93 km) in 1920.

World War II

The {{convert|1,392|km|mi|abbr=on}} long Trans-Iranian Railway from Bandar Torkaman on the Caspian Sea to Bandar Shahpur on the Persian Gulf was opened during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1939. The railroad was built with rail weighing {{convert|33|kg/m}} and required more than 3000 bridges. There were 126 tunnels in the Zagros mountains, the longest being {{convert|

1.5|mi|km|order=flip}}. Grades averaged 1.5 percent south of Tehran, but then increased to 2.8 percent to cross the {{convert|7,270|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on}} pass between Tehran and the Caspian Sea.

During Anglo-Soviet Invasion of Iran

After the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941, this Persian Corridor became one of the supply routes for war material for the Soviet Union during World War II, (Railway trend in Iran). The invading British built a {{convert|75|mi|km|adj=on|order=flip}} branch line from the {{convert|2,953|ft|m|adj=on}} bridge over the Karun River in Ahvaz to a new southern port at Khorramshahr on the Arvand Rud river. In 1943 3,473 American soldiers of the Military Railway Service began running trains between the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea using ALCO RS-1 locomotives rebuilt with 3-axle trucks and designated RSD-1.[3] The Americans set up headquarters in Ahvaz, but were unable (wrong) to tolerate the daytime heat, and generally operated the railway at night.[4] The Persian Gulf Command ran trains day and night. [5]

Challenging construction

{{see also| Construction in Iran}}

The Trans-Iranian railway traverses many mountain ranges, and is full of spirals and 1 in 36 (2.78%) ruling grades. Much of the terrain was unmapped when construction took place, and its geology unknown. Several stretches of line, including tunnels, were built through unsuitable geology, and had to be replaced even before the line opened. Nevertheless, the line was completed ahead of schedule.

In recent years the railways have undergone significant extensions including the 1977 linking to the western railway system at the Turkish border, the 1993 opening of the Bandar Abbas line providing better access to the sea, and the 1996 opening of the Mashad–Sarakhs extension as part of the Silk Road railway to link to the landlocked Central Asian Countries.

Railway construction

In December 2014, a rail line from Iran opened to Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. The opening of the line marks the first direct rail link between Iran, Kazakhstan and China and upon completion of the Marmaray rail project direct rail transport between China and Europe (while avoiding Russia) will be possible.[6][7]

Route Length in km Date of Construction
Tabriz — Jolfa 148 1912—1916
Zahedan — Mirjaveh 94 1920—1921
Tehran — Bandar Shah 461 1928—1938
Tehran — Bandar Shahpur 928 1928—1939
Ahvaz — Khorramshahr 121 1942—1943
Sar Bandar — Mahshahr 12 1950—1951
Garmsar — Mashhad 812 1938—1958
Tehran — Tabriz 736 1939—1959
Gorgan — Bandar Shah 35 1960—1961
Tabriz — Bazargan 192 1912—1971
Qom — Zarand 847 1939—1971
Isfahan — Zarrin Shahr 111 1969—1972
Zarand — Kerman 80 1975—1979
Bafq — Bandar-Abbas 626 1982—1995
Mashhad — Sarakhs 165 1993—1997
Arpin — Maleki 24 1993—1997
Badrud — Meibod 254 1996—1998
Arpin — Mohammediya-2 122 1994—1999
Chadormalu — Meibod 219 1992—1999
Mohammediya-2 — Mohammediya-1 6 1994—1999
Bafq — Kashmar 800 1992—2001
Kerman — Bam 225 1999—2002
Bam — Zahedan 546 2000—2009
Isfahan — Shiraz 506 2001—2009
Khorramshahr — Shalamcheh 16 2009—2012[8]
Gorgan — Incheh Borun 80 2012—2013[9]
Tehran — Hamedan 268 2001—2017[10]
Arak — Kermanshah 267 2001—2018[11]

Rolling stock

{{Main article||List of stock used by railways in Iran}}

Iran Railways use a variety of rolling stock for their services. Trains are operated with diesel and electric locomotives. Steam locomotives have been phased out.

Diesel is a strategic industry, and by using this heavy oil as a fuel instead of gas for locomotives, the Islamic Republic of Iran has joined the 12 world countries which manufacture this type of engine.[12]

Operations

{{see also|Transport in Iran}}

In 2008, the IR operated 11,106 km of rail with a further 18,900 km in various stages of development.[13] Almost all of this is standard gauge of {{RailGauge|sg}}, but 94 km are Russian gauge of {{RailGauge|1520mm}} to link up to ex-Soviet Union border states. There is also the no-longer-isolated Indian gauge section of {{RailGauge|1676mm}} from Zahedan to the Pakistan border that continues to Quetta and the Indian sub-continent. The extent of double-track lines is 1,082 km. The Jolfa–Tabriz line is electrified (148 km). In 2006, IR reported that it possessed 565 engines, 1,192 passenger coaches, and 16,330 wagons. The vast majority of the engines are diesel-powered.

Expansion

The majority of transportation in Iran is road-based. The government plans to transport 3.5% of the passenger volume and 8.5% of the freight volume by rail. Extensive electrification is planned. The railway network expands by about 500 km per year according to [https://web.archive.org/web/20020311121203/http://www.mrt.ir/ the Ministry of R&T]. According to plan, Iran’s railway lines are to reach 15,000 kilometers by 2015 and 25,000 kilometers by the year 2025.[14][15]

The State Railways Company has 300 locomotives with an average lifespan of 40 years.[16] The Islamic Republic of Iran Railways, the Iran Power Plant Projects Management (Mapna) and Germany's Siemens have signed a contract for 150 IranRunner locomotives for passenger trains. Siemens is committed to exporting to Iran some 30 locomotives in the first phase and manufacture another 120 using domestic capacities and expertise over the next six years (2007). MLC (Mapna Locomotive Engineering and Manufacturing Company) is the manufacturing company responsible for this production. Another locomotive manufacturer in Iran is Wagon Pars which builds AD43C locomotives in partnership with Iranian power plant maker DESA diesel.[17]

In 2009, €17 billion in foreign investment in rail industry have been secured, according to the Ministry of Road and Transportation of Iran.[18]

Affiliate companies

  • Raja Passenger Train Company is an associate of the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways (IRIR) and manages its passenger trains, including international trains linking Tehran to Istanbul and Damascus. Raja Passenger Train Company carried more than 4 million passengers during 2003-05. The number of passengers traveling by rail increased from 11.7 million in 2000 to 17.3 million in the year ending March 2005. Every passenger wagon annually carries 7,340 passengers per kilometer on average (whereas the figure is 3,950 people per kilometer in Turkey and 5,220 passengers per kilometer in Egypt). Private enterprises are expected to operate 5,000 wagons by 2009 (50% of total).[16]
  • Railway Transportation Company is also a subsidiary of the IRIR to manage its freight transport while the [https://web.archive.org/web/20020311121203/http://www.mrt.ir/ Ministry of Roads and Transportation] is the state agency that oversees the IRIR. In Iran, for every wagon, some 1,050 tons of freight are being transported (2008).[16] The cargo rail system between Iran, Turkey and Pakistan will begin regular operations by August 2010.[19]
  • Zarand Company provides the national railroad system with freight and passenger train carriages.[20]

Network and corridors

The railway network converges on Tehran. The Iranian cities of Isfahan and Shiraz were linked to Tehran in 2009. Further extension of this line to Bushehr and Bandar Abbas is planned. Furthermore, the construction of Chabahar-Zahedan-Mashhad railway, extending from southeast to northeast of the country to the length of 1,350 kilometers, started in 2010 with 3 billion euro credit.[21]

The western railway extension links to Turkey at the Rāzī–Kapıköy border. A northern connection to Azerbaijan, the Caucasus, and Russia has a bogie-changing station at the border at Jolfa. The southern routes connect Tehran to the Persian Gulf ports of Bandar Imam and Bandar Abbas. A line to the Caspian Sea ends at the terminal of Amir Abad and at Bandar Torkaman, and is part of a North-South corridor to Russia and Scandinavia. The north-east corridor connects Mashad and continues further to the bogie-changing station at Sarakh. For the landlocked countries of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan; this line provides access to the sea. A recent connection from Mashad to Bafq has significantly shortened access to the port city of Bandar Abbas.

Tehran-Mashhad with a length of 900 kilometers, Tehran-Qom-Esfahan with a length of 410 kilometers, Qazvin-Rasht-Anzali-Astara with a length of 370 kilometers will all be built with help from China at a cost of $12 billion.[22] In total, Iran has signed a number of contracts with China for the development of 5,000 kilometres of railway lines.[15]

North-South Railway

The North-South railway is complete between Qazvin and Bandar Abbas; the line was expected to be completed as far as Azerbaijan by the end of 2016.[23]

Qazvin to Astara is the missing link in North South Transportation Corridor, which links India, Iran, Azerbaijan, Russia and Finland. Qazvin Rasht railway completes in 2017 and Rasht Astara railway needs another four years to be completed.[24]

Links to Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia

Iran's first rail link to the outside world appeared simultaneously with the beginning of the country's railway system, as Iran's first major railway (1916) connected Tabriz with Jolfa on the border with the Russian Empire. The link continued its importance throughout the USSR era; Iran and the USSR signed an agreement on cross-border rail transport in 1940, and amended it in 1958.[25]

It is reported that during the late-Soviet era, some 350 railcars crossed the border at Jolfa daily, with the annual amount of cross-border freight reaching 3.5 million tons.[26]

However, after the break-up of the USSR and the closing of the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan the Jolfa connection became a dead end, as it only links Iran with the isolated Nakhichevan exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan.[27]

In 2007, Iranian Railways, Azerbaijan State Railway and Russian Railways agreed on implementing the project to build a new line between Qazvin, Resht, Astara, Iran and Astara, Azerbaijan.

In April 2017, Russian and India celebrated 70 years of diplomatic relations and vowed to complete the North South Transportation Corridor (NSTC) with the help of Iran. the NSTC reduces time and cost of travel by 30-40 %.[28]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=November 2017}}

There is presently no direct railway connection between Iran and Armenia, even though the two countries share a border. In 2009, Iran and Armenia agreed to build a railway linking Armenia with Iran’s Persian Gulf ports.[29]

Links to Central Asia

In 1996, Mashhad–Sarakhs extension connected Iran to Turkmenistan, as part of the Silk Road railway to link to the landlocked Central Asian Countries.

Former states of the Soviet Union have railways using a {{RailGauge|1520mm}} Russian gauge, thus the Iranian Railways maintain break-of-gauge services at borders to Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, and beyond brief wide-track rail segments to the border crossing.

The Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Iran railway link is a part of the North-South Transport Corridor and is a {{convert|677|km|0|abbr=on}} long railway line connecting the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan with Iran and the Persian Gulf. It will link Uzen in Kazakhstan with Bereket - Etrek in Turkmenistan and end at Gorgan in Iran's Golestan province. In Iran, the railway will be linked to national network making its way to the ports of the Persian Gulf. The project is estimated to cost $620m which is being jointly funded by the governments of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Iran.[30]

Links to Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan

Feasibility studies were started on Khorramshahr–Basra and Kermanshah-Baghdad links with Iraq,[31] {{as of|2014}} the Iranian line to Khorramshahr was finished,[32] but construction had not started on the track from the Iraqi border to Basra.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

In 2017, the West Corridor was expanded from Arak to Malayer and Kermanshah. The Iranian government eyes on expanding the network further to Khosravi (Iran-Iraq) border by 2018.[33]

A Afghanistan-Mashhad-Khvaf-Islam Qala railway is being constructed by an Iranian firm, with funding from the Afghan government, but the section in Afghanistan remains incomplete.[33][34][35]

Link to Turkey, and International Standard Gauge route to Europe

In 1977, the Iranian railways linked to the western railway system at the Turkish border.

The route to the west into Turkey terminates at Van with a {{convert|90|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} train ferry for both freight wagons and international passenger traffic (baggage car only) across Lake Van, which is at an altitude of {{convert|1650|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, to Tatvan where it joins the Turkish standard-gauge network.

Link to Pakistan

The construction of the railway from Bam to Zahedan was completed in early 2009 connecting Tehran to Pakistan border with an opening ceremony on 19 July 2009.[36] However international container traffic commenced operations on 14 August 2009 with transshipment (or transloading) between {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on}} and {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}} wagons in the nGulf, Western Texas and Pacific Railwayew Zahedan Exchange Yard on the bypass line.[37] The freight traffic was discontinued however after the initial trial trains and was only revived in 2015.[38]

Iranian Railways have been trying to persuade Pakistan Railways to convert its route to Quetta to standard gauge, in order to facilitate the flow of international traffic to Europe. Pakistan responded in 2006 with a statement that it is to convert its network to standard gauge, and would plan a link with the standard gauge system of China.

A through passenger service is being considered[37][39] to supplement the occasional Quetta-Zahedan service, itself a poor shadow of the former Pakistan-Iran 'Taftan Express'.

International railway links with neighboring countries

  • {{flagicon|Afghanistan}} Afghanistan - no link - break-of-gauge {{RailGauge|1520mm}} - railway link to Afghanistan is being built using {{RailGauge|sg}} standard gauge.
  • {{flagicon|Armenia}} Armenia - no link - break-of-gauge {{RailGauge|1520mm}}.
  • {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} Azerbaijan - open - break-of-gauge {{RailGauge|1520mm}} - only via the Azerbaijani exclave Nakhchivan, railway link to Azerbaijan proper is being built.
  • {{flagicon|Iraq}} Iraq - no link - {{RailGauge|sg}} standard gauge.
  • {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan - open - break-of-gauge {{RailGauge|1676mm}}.
  • {{flagicon|Turkey}} Turkey - open - {{RailGauge|sg}} standard gauge.
  • {{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} Turkmenistan - open - break-of-gauge. {{RailGauge|1520mm}}.

Railway electrification

{{Main|Railway electrification in Iran}}

Although railway electrification in Iran was started in 1975, it was stopped for almost 30 years. A contract for electrification of the Tehran-Mashhad double-track line and the supply of 70 electric locomotives was awarded in 2009.[40]

Speeds of up to 200 km/h for locomotive-hauled passenger trains and 250 km/h for tilting EMUs are expected to reduce existing journey times of 7.5 to 12 to less than 5 hours.

As recently as July 2017 the Iranian Government has completed a loan agreement for the [https://www.railpage.com.au/news/s/tehran-mashhad-electrification-loan-signed Tehran – Mashhad electrification project.] Works on this project are expected to begin shortly.

Commuter Railway services

Local Rail, also referred to Suburban Rail or Commuter rail when originating from a large city and covering its suburbs, is a class of rail services, using railbus-type trains, running a distance of about 50 km to 200 km, and serving all stations.[41]

Currently{{when|date=September 2016}} there are the following services:

  • Tehran
  • #Tehran-Parand
  • #Tehran-Jamkaran
  • #Tehran-Qom
  • #Tehran-Pishva
  • #Tehran-Hashtgerd-Qazvin
  • Tabriz
  • #Tabriz-Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
  • #Tabriz-Jolfa
  • #Tabriz-Maragheh
  • #Tabriz-Salmas (Once every two weeks)
  • Khuzestan
  • #Ahvaz (Karun Station)-Sarbandar
  • #Ahvaz (Karun Station)-Bandar-e Mahshahr
  • #Ahvaz (Ahvaz Station)-Khorramshahr
  • #Ahvaz (Ahvaz Station)-Andimeshk
  • #Andimeshk-Dorud
  • Lorestan
  • #Dorud-Cham Sangar
  • Mashhad
  • #Mashhad-Binalud-Neishabur
  • #Mashhad-Sarakhs
  • Mazandaran-Golestan (Shomal Division)
  • #Tehran-Firuzkuh
  • #Gorgan-Pol-e Sefid
  • #Gorgan-Incheh Borun

High-speed rail

{{main article|Tehran-Qom-Isfahan High Speed Rail}}

Currently there is one high speed railway line under construction between Tehran and Isfahan passing through Qom. The length of the line is 410 km and the expected opening date was 2018.[42]

See also

  • Iranian railway industry
  • Rah Ahan FC
  • Railway stations in Iran
  • DESA diesel
  • Tehran Metro
  • North–South Transport Corridor
  • Ashgabat agreement, a Multimodal transport agreement signed by India, Oman, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, for creating an international transport and transit corridor facilitating transportation of goods between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf.[43]

References

1. ^Sources*{{citation|url =http://www.raja.ir/| work = www.raja.ir|script-title=fa:شرکت قطار‌های مسافربری رجا|trans-title=Raja Passenger Trains Company|language = Persian, English}}, company website*{{citation|url = http://www.msedv.com/rai/archive.html#04| title = News Archive| at = RAJA Passenger Trains Operating Company| work = www.msedv.com| quote = Passenger Trains Operating Company, RAJA, is a joint stock company affiliated to Islamic Republic of Iran's Railway Company (RAI). It was established in October 1996 as a part of RAI restructuring process, aimed at separating passenger and freight train operations management from infrastructure maintenance and development.}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/94182-iran-to-extend-rail-network-to-15000-kilometers-by-2015 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-02-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204213235/http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/94182-iran-to-extend-rail-network-to-15000-kilometers-by-2015 |archivedate=2012-02-04 |df= }}
3. ^Pinkepank, Jerry A. The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide 1973 Kalmbach Books p.233
4. ^DeNevi & Hall United States Military Railway Service (1992) Boston Mills Press {{ISBN|1-55046-021-8}} pp.8&73-77
5. ^ "Persian Gulf Command" by Joel Sayre 1945, Random House
6. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLT5ILax54w
7. ^Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Iran Railway to Open Today, by Onur Uysal, http://railturkey.org/2014/12/03/kazakhstan-turkmenistan-iran-railway/
8. ^http://www.tinn.ir/بخش-شرکت-ساخت-توسعه-زیربناها-16/44902-مقایسه-بهره-برداری-از-خطوط-ریلی-قبل-بعد-از-انقلاب-سال-تا-جدول
9. ^http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/iran-inaugurates-railway-to-border-with-turkmenistan.html
10. ^http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/tehran-hamadan-railway-opened-by-president-rouhani.html
11. ^http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2018/03/20/556070/Iran-railway-Rouhani-Kermanshah-Iraq
12. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Fars News Agency|date=2011-03-29 |url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9001091011 |title=Iran Displays 1st Home-Made Locomotive with Diesel Engine |accessdate=2011-04-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501091609/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9001091011 |archivedate=2011-05-01 }}
13. ^راه آهن ج.ا.ا
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/94182-iran-to-extend-rail-network-to-15000-kilometers-by-201 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-01-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120913063747/http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/94182-iran-to-extend-rail-network-to-15000-kilometers-by-201 |archivedate=2012-09-13 |df= }}
15. ^1 http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Jan11.pdf
16. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3296/html/economy.htm |title=Rail Privatization Underway |date=16 December 2008 |newspaper=Iran Daily |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130042542/http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3296/html/economy.htm |archivedate=30 January 2009 |df= }}
17. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2772/html/economy.htm |title=Iran Manufactures 1st Express Train |date=3 February 2007 |newspaper=Iran Daily |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205113720/http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2772/html/economy.htm |archivedate= 5 February 2007 |df= }}
18. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.payvand.com/news/09/aug/1165.html | title = 17 Billion Euro Foreign Investment in Rail Industry | work = Payvand.com | agency = Mehr News Agency | date = 19 August 2009 }}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=129220§ionid=351020102 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-06-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812185537/http://presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=129220§ionid=351020102 |archivedate=2010-08-12 |df= }}
20. ^{{cite news | title=Privatizing Railways | publisher=Iran Daily | date=30 December 2006 | url=http://iran-daily.com/1385/2746/html/focus.htm | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070112053537/http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2746/html/focus.htm | archivedate=12 January 2007 | df= }}
21. ^http://www.payvand.com/news/10/may/1080.html
22. ^http://www.presstv.com/detail/158238.html
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2010/11/iran/|accessdate=2010-12-01|title=IRAN | publisher = Railways Africa}}
24. ^http://www.mehrnews.com/news/3979594/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%87%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DB%B4-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1
25. ^СОГЛАШЕНИЕ О СОВЕТСКО-ИРАНСКОМ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОМ СООБЩЕНИИ (МОСКВА, 20 ЯНВАРЯ 1958 Г.) (Agreement on Soviet-Iranian railway communications; Moscow, 20 January 1958)
26. ^На торговом пути «Север — Юг» (The North-South trade route) {{ru icon}}
27. ^Georgia to remain vital transit route for Armenia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118020510/http://www.reporter.am/go/article/2009-11-13-georgia-to-remain-vital-transit-route-for-armenia |date=2009-11-18 }}. Quote: "However, there are no expectations that in the near future there will be a resolution of the Karabakh conflict and the railroads connecting Armenia and Azerbaijan - Yerevan-Nakhichevan-Baku and Ichevan-Baku - will begin operating."
28. ^North–South Transport Corridor
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3377/html/economy.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-08-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622201104/http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3377/html/economy.htm |archivedate=2009-06-22 |df= }}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/northsouthtransnatio/ |title=North-South Transnational Corridor |publisher=railway-technology.com|date= |accessdate=2014-03-25}}
31. ^{{cite news | title=Iran Iraq links | url =http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//iran-iraq-links.html | work =Railway Gazette International | date = 1 September 2005}}
32. ^{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004151204/http://www.mrud.ir/portal/Home/ShowPage.aspx?Object=News&CategoryID=d9d14b9e-d8b4-4ce9-93e7-a4454dbb201e&WebPartID=3fa37f90-2292-49e1-aed6-20ff38217d11&ID=c815d939-8b8e-4571-83db-cc64a17975b4 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-03-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004151204/http://www.mrud.ir/portal/Home/ShowPage.aspx?Object=News&CategoryID=d9d14b9e-d8b4-4ce9-93e7-a4454dbb201e&WebPartID=3fa37f90-2292-49e1-aed6-20ff38217d11&ID=c815d939-8b8e-4571-83db-cc64a17975b4|archivedate=2019-10-04|df= }}
33. ^1 {{cite news|agency=Radio Free Liberty/Radio Free Europe|title=Afghanistan's First New Railroad On Track|author=Charles Recknagel|date=October 14, 2010|quote=Iran has reportedly completed two-thirds of a 190-kilometer rail bed from its town of Khaf to link with Herat.|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/Afghanistans_First_New_Railroad_On_Track/2190489.html}}
34. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2010/04/17/us-afghanistan-railroad-idUSTRE63G0LF20100417 | work=Reuters | title=Iranian engineer brings roads, rail to Afghan west | date=17 April 2010}}
35. ^{{cite news|agency=Fars News Agency|date=2011-07-04 |url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9004130740 |title=FM Official Underlines Iran's Growing Aid to Afghanistan |accessdate=2011-07-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314150152/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9004130740 |archivedate=2012-03-14 |quote='The great project of Khaf-Herat railway - operation of which has also been commenced - will create a significant development in transit and connecting Afghanistan with regional and extra-regional (Europe) countries. Its connection to the railway of Central Asia, Turkey and Europe via Iran and also its connection to Iran's nationwide railways network - which will stretch from Bandar Abbas to Afghanistan - can play an important role in economic growth and development of Afghanistan,' the foreign ministry official said.}}
36. ^Pakistan - Iran - Turkey container train
37. ^1 Islamabad-Istanbul freight train to start on 14 Aug
38. ^restart Pakistani Iran freight trains
39. ^Passenger service
40. ^{{cite news | title=Tehran - Mashhad electrification contract | url =http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//tehran-mashhad-electrification-contract.html | work =Railway Gazette International | date = 4 March 2009 }}
41. ^ 
42. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cdtic.ir/Upload/Image/139301/Orginal/e62fee6d_e82a_4234_b80d_794be6f8f4b2.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-09-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817161900/http://www.cdtic.ir/Upload/Image/139301/Orginal/e62fee6d_e82a_4234_b80d_794be6f8f4b2.pdf |archivedate=2014-08-17 |df= }}
43. ^The Hans India - India accedes to Ashgabat agreement

External links

  • Iran's Official Universal Tourism Portal
  • Raja Rail Transport Company (Buying Iran Train Tickets) Website
  • Ministry of Roads & Urban Development Of Iran Official Website
  • Islamic Republic of Iran Railways Official Website
  • Iranian Rail Industries Development Co (IRICO) Official Website
  • Unofficial website
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060517170715/http://www.iran-daily.com/1384/2462/html/focus.htm 2005 update on status of Iran's railways]
Videos
  • [https://www.youtube.com/user/PressTVGlobalNews#p/u/35/rSYU8pQvRFc Iran Railways - Part I] [https://www.youtube.com/user/PressTVGlobalNews#p/u/34/_8lJPg-8ywg Part II] [https://www.youtube.com/user/PressTVGlobalNews#p/u/33/WLyF8iX86rQ - Part III] - PressTV documentary
{{Asia in topic|Rail transport in}}

5 : Railway companies of Iran|1520 mm gauge railways in Iran|5 ft 6 in gauge railways in Iran|Standard gauge railways in Iran|Iranian brands
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