“Isthmus Nahuatl”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Isthmus Nahuatl

释义

Phonology
Vowels Consonants
Writing system
Grammar
References
Bibliography
External links

{{Infobox language
|name=Isthmus Nahuatl
|nativename=mela'tájtol
|states=Mexico
|region=Veracruz, Tabasco
|speakers={{sigfig|32,000|1}}
|date=1990–1994
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Uto-Aztecan
|fam1 = Uto-Aztecan
|fam2 = Aztecan (Nahuan)
|fam3 = Nahuatl
|fam4 = Eastern Peripheral Nahuatl
|fam5 =
|script=Latin
|lc1=nhk|ld1=Cosoleacaque
|lc2=nhx|ld2=Mecayapan
|lc3=nhp|ld3=Pajapan
|glotto=isth1245
|glottorefname=Isthmus Nahuatl
|notice=IPA
}}

Isthmus Nahuatl (Isthmus Nahuat; native name: mela'tájtol) is a Nahuatl dialect cluster spoken by about 30,000 people in Veracruz, Mexico. According to Ethnologue 16, the Cosoleacaque dialect is 84% intelligible with Pajapan, and 83% intelligible with Mecayapan.

Phonology

The following description is that of Mecayapan dialect.

Vowels

Front	back
Close	i iː}}	{{IPA\|o oː}}
Mid	e eː}}	{{IPA\|o oː}}
Open	{{IPA\|a aː}}

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m}}	n}}	ɲ}}
Plosive	voiceless	p}}	t}}	k}}	ʔ}}
Plosive	voiced	b}}	d}}	ɡ}}
Affricate	voiceless	ts}}	tʃ}}
Affricate	voiced	dz}}*)	dʒ}})
Fricative	voiceless	s}}	ʃ}}	h}}
Fricative	voiced	z}}	ʒ}}*)
Approximant		l}}	j}}	w}}
Rhotic		r}}

Occur only as allophones.

Writing system

A a	B b	C c	Ch ch	D d	E e	F f	G g	H h	I i	J j	K k	L l
/a/}}	/b/}}	/k/}}	/tʃ/}}	/d/}}	/e/}}	/ɡ/}}	/i j/}}	/h/}}	/k/}}	/l/}}
M m	N n	O o	P p	Q q	R r	S s	T t	U u	V v	X x	Y y	Z z	'
/m/}}	/n/}}	/o/}}	/p/}}	/k/}}	/r/}}	/s/}}	/t/}}	/w/}}	/ʃ/}}	/j/}}	/ʔ/}}

H is used at the beginnings of words before u, and has no value of its own. C is used to represent {{IPA|/k/}} before the vowels a and o, while qu is used before i and e.

An underline (a, e, i, o) is used to mark long vowels.

Stress on the second-last syllable of a word that does not end in l or r, and stress on the last syllable of a word that does end in l or r, is unmarked. All other stress patterns are marked with an acute accent on the stressed vowel (á, é, í, ó).

The letters f, k, v and z occur only in loanwords.

Grammar

This variety of Nahuatl has developed a distinction between inclusive and exclusive "we", which Classical Nahuatl and other modern forms of Nahuatl lack. The exclusive form is regularly derived from the first person singular ("I"), while the inclusive continues the suppletive first person plural of Classical Nahuatl.

Classical		Isthmus-Mecayapan
1st person singular	niquīsa "I leave"	niquisa "I leave"	1st person singular
niquisaj "We (not you) leave"	1st person plural exclusive
1st person plural	tiquīsaj "We leave"	tiquisaj "We (including you) leave"	1st person plural inclusive

References

Bibliography

Wolgemuth, et al. 2000. Diccionario Náhuatl de los municipios Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz.
Wolgemuth, Carl. 2002. Gramática Náhuatl (melaʼtájto̱l) de los municipios de Mecayapan y tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz (Segunda edición).
Wolgemuth, Carl. 2007. [https://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/Mecayapan.pdf Nahuatl grammar of the townships of Mecayapan and Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz]. SIL International.
{{cite book |author=García de León, Antonio |year=1976 |title=Pajapan, un dialecto mexicano del Golfo |location=México, D.F. |publisher=INAH |language=Spanish}}
Ando Koji. 2007. Gramática náhuatl de Pajapan, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa.

External links

SIL Mexico — includes sound recordings

1 : Nahuatl

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。