| 词条 | Jacquemart Island |
| 释义 |
| name = Jacquemart Island | local_name = | image_name = Jaquemart1.jpg | image_caption = Jacquemart Island in the distance | locator_map = | map_caption = | nickname = | coordinates = {{Coord|52|37|10|S|169|07|33|E|}} | archipelago = Campbell Island group | total_islands = | major_islands = | area_km2 = | area_ha = 19 | length_km = 0.75 | width_km = 0.5 | highest_mount = | elevation_m = 229 | elevation_footnotes =[1] | population = Uninhabited | population_as_of = | density_km2 = | ethnic_groups = | country = New Zealand | additional_info = }} Jacquemart Island, one of the islets surrounding Campbell Island in New Zealand, lies {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of Campbell Island and is the southernmost island of New Zealand. The name commemorates Captain J. Jacquemart, of the vessel FRWS Vire, that supported the French 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island.[2] While Jacquemart Island belongs indisputably to New Zealand, New Zealand also claims territory in Antarctica which stretches to the South Pole. Like other Antarctic territorial claims, New Zealand's jurisdiction over the Ross Dependency is not recognised by most nations. {{Coord|52|37|10|S|169|07|33|E|display=title}}GeographyJacquemart Island consists of a stack with an area of {{convert|19|ha|acre|abbr=on}}, being about {{convert|750|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in length by {{convert|500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in width and surrounded by precipitous cliffs at least {{convert|30|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high at their lowest. Its highest point is about {{convert|200|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} asl. It is an eroded remnant of basaltic lavas originally laid down on a sedimentary base. Because of its inaccessibility from the sea, the first visit by humans to the island did not take place until 29 December 1980 when a small party of scientists was landed by helicopter on the summit ridge for a 90-minute survey. Subsequent short visits were made in 1984 and 1997.[3][4] Flora and faunaMuch of the area of the island above the cliffs is covered with tussock grassland on a substratum of peat undermined with petrel burrows. The environment includes herbfield communities, rock and ledge communities, as well as lichens and cushion plants.[3] Birds recorded as breeding on Jacquemart include the sooty shearwater, northern giant petrel, grey-backed storm-petrel, light-mantled sooty albatross, brown skua and Campbell shag. Other seabirds which may breed there are common diving-petrel and Cape petrel. Australasian pipits and common starlings have been seen.[4] A species of cave weta has also been recorded from the island, as well as the Campbell Island leaf-veined slug.[3] The island is part of the Campbell Island group Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for several species of seabirds as well as the endemic Campbell teal and Campbell snipe.[5] Campbell snipeUntil the Campbell Islands were cleared of introduced rats in 2001, Jacquemart was also the last refuge of the Campbell snipe, a subspecies of Subantarctic snipe first discovered in 1997 and described in 2009. After the eradication of rats the snipe began to recolonise the rest of the group, with a small breeding population discovered in 2005 on southern Campbell Island opposite Jacquemart.[6][7] See also{{colbegin}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://ciinvertkey.com/freshwater-habitats-of-campbell-island/acknowledgements/|title=Campbell Island Bicentennial Expedition|publisher=50° South Trust|accessdate=17 October 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.transitofvenus.co.nz/astronomy/french_exp_1874.html |title=The French Expedition to Campbell Island in 1874 |author=Tobin, William |quote= Adapted from I.S. Kerr -"Campbell Island: A History" (A.H. & A.W. Reed, Wellington, 1976) |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525212457/http://www.transitofvenus.co.nz/astronomy/french_exp_1874.html |archivedate=25 May 2010 |work=Transit of Venus website }} 3. ^1 2 Foggo, M.N.; & Meurk, Colin D. (1981). Notes on a visit to Jacquemart Island in the Campbell Island Group. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 4: 29–32. 4. ^{{cite book|title=New Zealand Journal of Ecology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TvNJAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=29 June 2013|volume=1–4|year=1978|publisher=New Zealand Ecological Society.|page=31}} 5. ^BirdLife International. (2012). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Campbell Island (and outliers). Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 22 January 2012. 6. ^1 {{Citation |last=Barker |first=David |last2=Carroll |first2=Jeremy W.A. |last3=Edmonds |first3=Hannah K. |last4=Fraser |first4=James R. |last5=Miskelly |first5=Colin M. |year=2005 |title=Discovery of a previously unknown Coenocorypha snipe in the Campbell Island group, New Zealand subantarctic |journal=Notornis |volume=52 |pages=143–149 |url=http://notornis.osnz.org.nz/system/files/Notornis_52_3_143.pdf |accessdate=6 March 2016 |lastauthoramp=yes |issue=3}} 7. ^New Zealand Biodiversity media release – 20 January 2006 External links
4 : Islands of the Campbell Islands|Stacks of New Zealand|Important Bird Areas of New Zealand|Extreme points of New Zealand |
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