| 词条 | Jaivana |
| 释义 |
The Jaivana (Hindi: जयवाण) cannon is a large 18th-century weapon located in Jaigarh Fort, Rajasthan, India. HistoryIt was cast in 1720, by Sawai Raja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. The formidable strength of its builder, the scientifically inclined warrior Sawai Jai Singh II, lay in the large number of artillery and copious supply of munitions which he maintained.{{Cn|date=November 2018}} Four elephants were used to swivel it around on its axis.{{Source?|date=November 2014}} Now it is located at the Jaigarh Fort, Jaipur (India) at ({{coord|26|58|48.03|N|75|50|37.29|E|}}). Technical data{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2018}}The length of the barrel of the cannon is {{convert|6.15|m|ft|abbr=on}} and it weighs 50 tons. The circumference near the tip of the barrel is {{convert|2.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} and that of the rear is {{convert|2.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The diameter of the bore of the barrel is {{convert|28|cm|in|abbr=on}} and the thickness of the barrel at the tip is {{convert|21.6|cm|in|abbr=on}}. The thickness gradually increases as one moves towards the rear of the barrel. The two thick rings on the barrel were used for lifting it with the help of a crane which, though incomplete, is still lying in Jaigarh. A {{convert|776|mm|in|adj=mid|-long}} elevating screw was used for raising and lowering the barrel. The barrel has floral design. An elephant rests on the tip of the barrel and a pair of peacocks are carved in the center. A pair of ducks also decorates the rear of the barrel. Jaivan rests on a high two-wheeled carriage. The wheels are {{convert|1.37|m|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter. The carriage is equipped with two removable additional wheels for transport. The removable wheels are {{convert|2.74|m|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter. About {{convert|100|kg|lb|abbr=on}} of gunpowder fired a shot ball weighing {{convert|50|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. The uses and range of the cannon and cannonballs vary over different sources. The Jaivana Cannon was only fired once by the Jai Singh II, as a test-fire in 1720 and the then Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah is known to have attended the event before ousting the Sayyid Brothers from power. The most exaggerated myth claims that the weapon had a range of {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}, other sources say it is 35, 22 and {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}}, although the exact range could perhaps never be determined without adequate scientific computation.{{Cn|date=November 2018}} Most sources, including local tourist guides agree that it was fired in the direction of Chaksu.{{Cn|date=November 2018}} The impact is said by many locals and tourist guides to be powerful enough to have caused a depression where a pond can be seen today. Legend has it that after it fired, pregnant women living nearby suffered miscarriages.[1] From work done by Dr.A.R.Collins on the ballistics of smooth bore cannons and historical data of cannon ranges and muzzle velocities, plus taking into account the likely inferior quality of the non-corned black powder propellant of the period, the highest probably muzzle velocity would be around 1500 to 1700 feet/second. This would give a maximum ballistic range of around 5000 yards to 3 miles. [2] See also
ReferencesR.S. Khangarot, P.S. Nathawat- Jaigarh the invincible fort of Amber(1990), Raj Kmar Parnami, RBSA Publishers, Jaipur
1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/20040712-efforts-on-to-give-facelift-to-foundry-that-built-world-largest-cannon-on-wheels-in-jaipur-790032-2004-07-12|title=Efforts on to restore foundry that built world's largest cannon on wheels in Jaipur|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2018-11-25}} 2. ^https://www.arc.id.au/CannonBallistics.html 4 : Superguns|Artillery of India|History of Jaipur|Individual cannons |
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