“Jake Siemens”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

By 1931 the farming communities around Altona and Winkler, Manitoba, were in crisis. As a result of the extreme financial pressures of the times, only 159 of the 1,240 farmers in Rhineland district retained clear title to their land.^[2] That year Siemens helped organize, then served as vice-president of, the Rhineland Agricultural Society. The Society persuaded farmers to accept government extension services, organized agricultural fairs, and taught better practices through a quarterly journal.

The farmers faced an even more immediate need to reduce their costs for basic supplies like gas, oil, grease and binder twine. At Siemen's suggestion they organized the Rhineland Consumers' Co-operative in the same year, electing him president. The directors had to put their farms up as collateral for the $2,500 bank loan. But the co-operative succeeded, paying its first dividend in 1935. By 1939 it had 573 members.^[3]

The efforts of Siemens and his fellow co-operators were not appreciated by everyone. A Mennonite commentator observes that "[t]he Bergthal Mennonite leadership rejected his vision as too socialistic and insufficiently orthodox. The resulting pro- and anti-cooperative division in much of the area between Altona and Winkler influenced both church and community very negatively."^[4] Peter Reimer, an ardent co-operator who published the Rhineland Agricultural Society's quarterly journal, was forced out of his position as a local school teacher in 1934. Two years later he died, at 51, due to a recurrence of tuberculosis.

Study clubs and a co-operative college

Siemens continued catalyzing community action by helping groups to form study clubs similar to those that were organized by the Antigonish Movement and Moses Coady. And he was active in starting up the Winkler Co-op Creamery and the Altona Co-op Vegetable Oils (1944).^[5] Beginning in 1941, Siemens also served as the first president of the Federation of Southern Manitoba Co-operatives.

In 1948 Siemens travelled to Denmark, where he visited the folk high schools. On his return he worked for the formation of a co-operative education centre in the Prairies, that would be capable of teaching the philosophical and technical aspects of co-operation, carrying out research, and granting degrees. This vision rallied many of the co-operative leader of the time, including Alexander Laidlaw, Barney Arnasson and Harry Fowler.^[6] When fellow co-operators agreed to the idea, Siemens offered {{convert|80|acre|m2}} of his own land for the site.

The Western Co-operative College, which opened in Saskatoon in 1955, realized Siemens' educational vision. By the 1960s it was bringing together co-operators not only from the Prairies but from native communities in Arctic, and developing countries around the world.

Legacy

There has never been a formal assessment of the impact of the southern Manitoba co-operative movement or of Siemens' work. However, healthy and economically dynamic rural communities are the main goal of rural co-operative action, and "one might observe that the Altona area remains relatively diversified (famous across the Prairies for sunflower seeds, sausages and printing, among other things), prosperous and populated."^[7]

Like many social entrepreneurs in Canada's early co-operative movement, Siemens strove to balance business with education. This remains a compelling challenge today.

References

1. ^Rodney J. Sawatsky. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online (1990)
2. ^Robert Meyers. The Spirit of the Post Road: A Story of Self-Help Communities. The Federation of Southern Manitoba Co-operatives, Altona (1955), pp. 11–12
3. ^Esther Epp-Tiessen. Altona: The Story of a Prairie Town Altona, Manitoba. D.W. Frieson & Sons. (no date). pp. 165-69
4. ^Sawatsky, op. cit.
5. ^{{cite book |author=Ens, Gerhard John| title=Volost and Municipality: The Rural Municipality of Rhineland, 1884-1984 | publisher=R.M. of Rhineland | location=Altona|year=1984|isbn=0-88925-524-5|page=184}}
6. ^Jodi Crewe. An Educational Institute of Untold Value: The Evolution of the Co-operative College of Canada, 1953-1987 Centre for the Study of Co-operatives, University of Saskatoon (2001). p. 3
7. ^Brett Fairbairn. Ordinary and Exceptional: Leadership in Prairie Consumer Co-operatives, 1914-45 in Canadian Co-operatives in the Year 2000: Memory, Mutual Aid and the Millennium Centre for the Study of Co-operatives, University of Saskatchewan. (2000). p. 91

Community self-help

Study clubs and a co-operative college

Legacy

References

Further reading

External links