| 词条 | Jamaican flower bat |
| 释义 |
| name = Jamaican flower bat | image = Phyllonycteris aphylla.jpg | status = CR | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref=[1] | genus = Phyllonycteris | species = aphylla | authority = (Miller, 1898) | range_map= Phyllonycteris aphylla map.png | synonyms = }} The Jamaican flower bat (Phyllonycteris aphylla) is a critically endangered species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is endemic to Jamaica. Taxonomy and etymologyIt was described by American zoologist Gerrit Smith Miller in 1898. He initially placed it in the genus Reithronycteris, which is now synonymous with Phyllonycteris. The specimen that he described was collected in Jamaica; the date of collection and the exact location are unknown.[2] They type specimen used to describe the species has since been lost.[3] Its species name aphylla was derived from the Ancient Greek word áphullos, meaning "leafless." This is likely in reference to its small nose-leaf. DescriptionIt weighs {{convert|14-18|g|oz|abbr=on}}.[4] Its total body length is {{convert|88|mm|in|abbr=on}}. Its forearm is {{convert|48|mm|in|abbr=on}} long.[2] On the dorsal side of the forearm, its skin is pink.[3] Its ears are {{convert|16|mm|in|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} wide. The tragus is {{convert|8|mm|in|abbr=on}}. It has a disc-shaped, basic nose-leaf at the end of its snout. The fur is short, with individual hairs approximately {{convert|6|mm|in|abbr=on}} long on its back and {{convert|4|mm|in|abbr=on}} long on its belly. Its feet are very large in relation to its body, at {{convert|17|mm|in|abbr=on}}, and the uropatagium lacks a calcar. Like other members of the Glossophaginae subfamily, it has a long tongue tipped with lingual papillae. Its skull is larger and more robust than most other Glossophagines, though.[2] Fur is silky in texture. Dorsal fur is blond or light gold, while ventral fur is almost white. Its flight membranes are dark brown or almost black in color.[3] BiologyIt is a social species, living in colonies with other members of its species and other species of bat. Its colonies can number several hundred individuals. It depends on caves for roosting habitat, and cannot exist without them.[9] Little is known about its reproduction, though Goodwin 1970 reported finding a pregnant female in January, per McFarlane 1986.[10][9] It eats fruit, pollen, nectar, and possibly insects.[4] In 1965, a female individual was held in captivity for one month before dying, living on a diet of banana, papaya, mango, and canned fruit nectar.[3] Range and habitatIt is only found on Jamaica. It is currently only known to roost in two caves: Marta Tick Cave and Stony Hill Cave.[1] Previously, a "sizeable colony"–the only one known for this species–roosted in St. Clair Cave, although the Jamaican flower bat is no longer found there.[5] Per McFarlane 1986, Goodwin 1970 stated that the bat could be found in three caves: St. Clair Cave, Riverhead Cave, and Mt. Plenty Cave. Goodwin also stated that fossilized remains of the species had been found in Wallingford and Runaway Bay Caves.[6][5] ConservationAs of 2015, it is currently evaluated as critically endangered by the IUCN. It meets the criteria for this evaluation because it is only known from two caves, the population size is estimated at fewer than 250 individuals, each subpopulation consists of fewer than 50 individuals, and its population size is likely in decline. The Jamaican flower bat used to occur in five or six caves, but now only occurs in two. Part of its decline in St. Clair Cave may be attributed to the population of feral cats living in the cave and preying on bats. Its estimated area of occupancy is {{convert|400|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. From 2008-2015, the IUCN had listed this species as least concern, which is the lowest risk level of extinction. This species is threatened by human disturbance to caves.[1] External links
References1. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Koenig|first1=S.|last2= Davalos|first2=L. |title=Phyllonycteris aphylla|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |year=2015|page=e.T17173A22133396|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T17173A22133396.en}} {{Phyllostomidae|L.}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1831141}}2. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Miller |first= G. S. |date=1898|title=Descriptions of five new phyllostome bats|pages=334–337|publisher=Harvard University|location=Cambridge, MA| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=56MrAAAAYAAJ&dq|access-date=October 10, 2017}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last1=Henson Jr|first1= O. W.|last2= Novick| first2= A.|date=1966|title= An Additional Record of The Bat, Phyllonycteris Aphylla|journal= Journal of Mammalogy|volume= 47|issue=2| pages= 351–352| doi=10.2307/1378152 }} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last=Nowak |first=R. M. |date=1999|title= Walker's mammals of the world|volume=1|publisher= JHU Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&dq|pages=382–383}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last=McFarlane|first= D. A. |date=1986|title= Cave bats in Jamaica|journal=Oryx|volume=20|issue=1|pages=27–30|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232018445_Cave_bats_in_Jamaica|access-date=October 10, 2017|doi=10.1017/s0030605300025874}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Goodwin |first=R. E.|date=1970|title=The ecology of Jamaican bats|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=51|issue=3|pages= 571–579|doi=10.2307/1378396}} 8 : Phyllonycteris|Bats of the Caribbean|Endemic fauna of Jamaica|Mammals of Jamaica|Critically endangered fauna of North America|Mammals described in 1898|Taxa named by Gerrit Smith Miller|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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