| 词条 | James Alipius Goold |
| 释义 |
| type = Archbishop | honorific-prefix =The Most Reverend | name = James Goold | honorific-suffix = OSA | title = 1st Archbishop of Melbourne | image = James Gooldsmall.jpg | alt = | caption = James Goold as Archbishop of Melbourne | church = Roman Catholic Church | archdiocese = Melbourne | diocese = | see = | term = 1874–1886 | predecessor = new title | successor = Thomas Carr | ordination = 19 July 1835 (Priest) | ordinated_by = | consecration = 6 August 1848 (Bishop) in St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney | consecrated_by = John Bede Polding | rank = | birth_name = James Alypius Goold | birth_date = 4 November 1812 | birth_place = County Cork, Ireland | death_date = {{death date and age|1886|06|11|1812|11|04|df=yes}} | death_place = Brighton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia | buried = St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne | nationality = Irish | religion = Roman Catholic Church | previous_post = Bishop of Melbourne (1848{{spaced ndash}}1874) }}{{infobox bishop styles | name=James Alypius Goold | dipstyle=The Most Reverend | offstyle=Your Grace | relstyle=Archbishop | See=Melbourne | deathstyle= }} James Alipius Goold (4 November 1812 – 11 June 1886) was an Australian Augustinian friar and the founding Roman Catholic Bishop and Archbishop of Melbourne in Australia. Early years and backgroundBorn in Cork, Ireland, Goold was sent to Perugia, Italy after his novitiate. In Perugia he studied with the Augustinians. (From 1695 until the 19th Century, Irish students for the Catholic priesthood were often sent to the Continent to study because of the harsh English Penal laws in Ireland and England, designed to protect the establishment of the Church of England.) Goold was ordained on 9 July 1835, aged 23. In 1837 he was appointed to the student house of the Irish Augustinians in Rome, but in Easter 1837 he had a chance meeting on the steps of the Augustinian church of Santa Maria del Popolo with Benedictine William Bernard Ullathorne, Vicar General of New Holland (Australia).[1] Ullathorne was in Rome recruiting priests for Australia, and Goold was convinced by Ullathorne to commit himself to seven years of missionary work in Australia, subject to his order's approval.[2] In 1838, Goold arrived in Australia aboard the Upton Castle. Also on board were Governor George Gipps and Lady Gipps. He worked initially with Archbishop John Bede Polding in Sydney, becoming parish priest at Campbelltown, New South Wales: where he built, and subsequently opened, St John's Church in 1841. Goold as Bishop and ArchbishopPope Pius IX appointed him Bishop of Melbourne, and he was consecrated bishop by John Bede Polding on 6 August 1848[2] (the feast of the Transfiguration) in old St Mary's Cathedral Sydney. He transferred to Melbourne, travelling overland in 19 days, being installed on 8 October 1848 in his first Cathedral, St Francis Church[2] in Lonsdale Street. Goold was only the second Roman Catholic bishop in Australia. He arrived in his new town to find only two Catholic church buildings, four priests in the diocese, no religious sisters or brothers, and a population around 11,000.[3] Five acres of land on Eastern Hill, after negotiations begun in 1848, were finally granted by the crown on 1 April 1851 and shortly afterwards became the site of St Patrick's cathedral and the bishop's palace. The discovery of gold in this year enormously increased the population of Melbourne, and it was realized that the church of St Patrick that had been begun would not be worthy of the growing city. It was decided to build a great cathedral – St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne. In 1858 William Wardell, then government architect, was asked to draw up the plans, and the first stone of the new building was laid in December 1858.[2] For the remainder of Goold's life he was much occupied with the raising of funds for the cathedral.[2] Within thirteen years of arriving in Melbourne, the capable and determined Goold had increased the number of church buildings in Melbourne to 64. As an Irishman of his times and immediate history, Goold had experienced the consequences of sectarianism, and in Australia disputed the title of "Bishop of Melbourne" with the then Anglican bishop of Melbourne, Dr Charles Perry. Under Australian law (unlike British law at the time) Goold was found to have equal right to the title.[2][4] Goold was an expansionist. He attempted to persuade his home Irish province of the Augustinians to establish a seminary and novitiate in Melbourne. Though the Irish province agreed to Goold's requests in principle, the plan did not come to fruition in his lifetime. The first Australian Augustinian was not ordained until 1940, and the Australian Province was not formally established as separate from its Irish founding province until 1952. The Irish province was already sending missionaries to the USA, India and England, and did not then consider an Australian foundation viable. Nevertheless, Goold commenced the building of Melbourne's St Patrick's Cathedral on 8 December 1858. In order to expand Catholic education, in 1857 Bishop Goold succeeded in bringing the Mercy Sisters from Perth into the diocese. He also introduced the Irish Christian Brothers to Melbourne in 1867. Goold engaged enthusiastically in Australian public debate over the issue of State Aid for Catholic education, and was politically pro-active in opposing what he referred to as the 'godless compulsory education' of state schools.[2] From late 1869 to 1870 Goold attended the First Vatican Council in Rome, where he also met with three other Augustinian and Irish bishops. On 10 May 1874, while still in Rome, Goold was made Archbishop of Melbourne. Towards the end of his life his health began to suffer but it was difficult to persuade him to relax from his duties. Archbishop Goold died at Melbourne on 11 June 1886 and was buried in St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne.[2] Bibliography
References1. ^{{cite book |author=Arneil |page=34 |title = Out Where the Dead Men Lie }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book |author=Grigsby, J. R. J. |chapter=Goold, James Alipius (1812–1886) |title=Australian Dictionary of Biography |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/goold-james-alipius-3633/text5649 |accessdate=2 October 2011 |volume=4 |year=1972 }} 3. ^{{cite book |author=Arneil |page=37 |title = Out Where the Dead Men Lie }} 4. ^Under British law at the time, no Roman Catholic Bishop was permitted to be named bishop of a diocese with the same name as an Anglican diocese (e.g. the Catholic bishop of Westminster was effectively the Catholic Bishop of London, but not permitted to be called so). External links
Catholic Diocese of Melbourne |before=new title| after=title abolished|years=1848{{spaced ndash}}1874}}{{succession box | title=1st Archbishop of the Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne |before=new title| after=Thomas Carr|years=1874{{spaced ndash}}1886}}{{s-end}}{{Roman Catholic Archbishops of Melbourne}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Goold, James Alipius}} 12 : 1812 births|1886 deaths|People from Cork (city)|Religious leaders from Melbourne|Augustinian friars|Roman Catholic Archbishops of Melbourne|Irish Roman Catholic bishops|Australian people of Irish descent|19th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|Roman Catholic bishops in Australia|Burials at St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne|Settlers of Melbourne |
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