| 词条 | James Macrae Aitken |
| 释义 |
Aitken learned chess from his father at age 10.[4] He was Scottish champion in 1935, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961 and 1965, the latter jointly with PM Jamieson.[1] He was also London Champion in 1950.[1] In 1959 he had his best result in the British Championship, finishing tied for seventh place.[4] Aitken represented Scotland in four Chess Olympiads. He played top board at Stockholm 1937, scoring only 32.4% but he did defeat Swedish GM Gideon Ståhlberg[4][9] and draw with American GM Samuel Reshevsky.[4] He played second board at Munich 1958 and Tel Aviv 1964, scoring 67.6% and 28.1% respectively. Aitken played sixth board at Skopje 1972, scoring 38.9%.[5] Aitken represented Great Britain in matches against the USSR and Yugoslavia.[4] In the 1946 radio match between the United Kingdom and the USSR he lost his match with Igor Bondarevsky on board 8.[6] Aitken defeated GM Savielly Tartakower at Southsea 1949[4][7] and GM Efim Bogoljubow at Bad Pyrmont 1951.[4][8] During World War II, Aitken worked in Hut 6 at Bletchley Park on solving German Enigma machines.[9] On 2 December 1944 Bletchley Park played a 12-board team match against the Oxford University Chess Club. Bletchley Park won the match 8–4 with C.H.O'D. Alexander, Harry Golombek, and Aitken on the top three boards.[10] Aitken wrote many book reviews for the British Chess Magazine.[11] Aside from chess his hobbies included golf, philately, bridge, and watching cricket.[4] He died in Cheltenham in 1983, aged 75.[2] Aitken variation of the Giuoco Piano{{chess notation|pos=section}}In 1937 he recommended a line in the Greco Variation of the Giuoco Piano in the British Chess Magazine, now called the Aitken Variation: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.c3 Nf6 5.d4 exd4 6.cxd4 Bb4+ 7.Nc3 Nxe4 8.O-O Nxc3 9.bxc3 Bxc3 10.Ba3.[12] {{Chess diagram small| tright | |rd| |bd|qd|kd| | |rd |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd | | |nd| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |bl|pl| | | | |bl| |bd| | |nl| | |pl| | | | |pl|pl|pl |rl| | |ql| |rl|kl| | References1. ^1 2 {{citation | last=Whyld | first=Ken | author-link=Ken Whyld | year=1986 | title=Chess: The Records | publisher=Guinness Books | isbn=0-85112-455-0 | page=128}} 2. ^1 {{citation | last=Gaige | first=Jeremy | author-link=Jeremy Gaige | year=1987 | title=Chess Personalia, A Biobibliography | publisher=McFarland | isbn=0-7864-2353-6 | pages=}} 3. ^{{cite book | last = Aitken | first = James M. | title = The Trial of George Buchanan Before the Lisbon Inquisition | publisher = Oliver and Boyd | location= Edinburgh, London | year = 1939}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{citation | last=Sunnucks | first=Anne | author-link=Anne Sunnucks | year=1970 | title=The Encyclopaedia of Chess | publisher=St. Martin's Press | page=2 | lccn=78106371}} 5. ^1 {{citation | editor-last=Golombek | editor-first=Harry | editor-link=Harry Golombek | year=1977 | title=Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess | publisher=Crown Publishing | isbn=0-517-53146-1 | contribution=Aitken, Dr James Macrae | page=8}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.amici.iccf.com/issues/Issue_07/issue_07_the_radio_match_grb-urss_1946.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-06-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925031630/http://www.amici.iccf.com/issues/Issue_07/issue_07_the_radio_match_grb-urss_1946.html |archivedate=25 September 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 7. ^Southsea at www.365chess.com 8. ^Bad Pyrmont zt at www.365chess.com 9. ^{{citation | last=Taunt | first=Derek | editor-last=Erskine | editor-first=Ralph | editor2-last=Smith |editor2-first=Michael | title=Action This Day | year=2001 | contribution=The German Naval Enigma | pages=77–93 | ISBN=0-593-04982-9}} 10. ^Chess Notes 4034. The code-breakers by Edward Winter; based on a report from CHESS, February 1945, p. 73. 11. ^Chess Notes 3766. James M. Aitken by Edward Winter 12. ^{{citation | last1=Hooper | first1=David | author1-link=David Vincent Hooper | last2=Whyld | first2=Kenneth | author2-link=Kenneth Whyld | year=1992 | title=The Oxford Companion to Chess | edition=2 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-280049-3 | pages=5, 474}} Further reading
External links
8 : 1908 births|1983 deaths|Bletchley Park people|Sportspeople from Cheltenham|Sportspeople from North Lanarkshire|Scottish chess players|Chess Olympiad competitors|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh |
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