| 词条 | James O'Grady |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = | name = Sir James O'Grady | honorific-suffix = KCMG | image = James O'Grady.jpg | imagesize = | smallimage = | caption = | order = 14th | office = Governor of Tasmania | term_start = 23 December 1924 | term_end = 23 December 1930 | lieutenant = | monarch = King George V | predecessor = Sir William Allardyce | successor = Sir Ernest Clark | order2 = 17th | office2 = Governor of the Falkland Islands | term_start2 = 1931 | term_end2 = 1934 | lieutenant2 = | monarch2 = King George V | predecessor2 = Sir Arnold Hodson | successor2 = Sir Herbert Henniker-Heaton |office4 = Member of Parliament for Leeds South East |term_start4 = 14 December 1918 |term_end4 = 29 October 1924 |predecessor4 = Constituency Created |successor4 = Henry Slesser |majority4 = |office5 = Member of Parliament for Leeds East |term_start5 = 8 February 1906 |term_end5 = 14 December 1918 |predecessor5 = Henry Struther Cautley |successor5 = Constituency Abolished |majority5 = | birth_date = {{birth date|1866|5|6|df=y}} | birth_place = Bristol, England, UK | death_date = {{death date and age|1934|12|10|1866|5|6|df=y}} | death_place = London, UK, UK | restingplace = | restingplacecoordinates = | birthname = | nationality = British | party = Labour Party | otherparty = | spouse = }} Sir James O'Grady, KCMG (6 May 1866 – 10 December 1934) was a trade unionist and Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom. He was the first colonial governor appointed by the Labour Party from within its own ranks. Early lifeO'Grady was born in Bristol to Irish parents. His father was a labourer, and after leaving school at ten, O'Grady did various lowly jobs, before training as a cabinet-maker, and became active in the Amalgamated Union of Cabinetmakers. Political careerA member of the Independent Labour Party and supported by the Labour Representation Committee, he was elected at the 1906 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Leeds East. He had benefited from the Gladstone–MacDonald pact negotiated between Herbert Gladstone and Ramsay MacDonald, and faced only a Unionist opponent, whom he defeated by a wide margin. O'Grady was re-elected at the elections in January 1910 and December 1910 elections, and when the Leeds East constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election, he was returned unopposed for the new Leeds South East constituency. He held that seat until he stepped down from Parliament at the 1924 general election. In the House of Commons, he spoke frequently, particularly on foreign affairs, and was noted as a strong supporter of the First World War, speaking at recruitment rallies. He was also Labour's only Roman Catholic MP. Through his role in the Amalgamated Union of Cabinet Makers, he had been President of the Trades Union Congress in 1898, and he continued his union activities whilst an MP. After a variety of posts in unions related to the furniture trades,[1] he became general secretary of the National Federation of General Workers in 1918. GovernorshipsIn 1924, Ramsay MacDonald's First Labour Government offered O'Grady the post of British Ambassador to the Soviet Union, and he accepted.[2] He was a logical choice because he had successfully negotiated an exchange of prisoners in 1919 and had been involved in international trade union-led efforts to relieve the Russian famine in 1921, but O'Grady did not in the end get the job, because the government postponed exchanging ambassadors.[2] Instead he became Governor of Tasmania from 1924 to 1930. The first Labour politician to be appointed as a colonial governor by a Labour government, his appointment was resisted by the Australian Labor Party, which wanted the job to go to an Australian. He was knighted with a {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCMG}} and moved to Tasmania, taking office on 23 December.[3] His governorship was marked by conflicts with the Legislative Council (which urged to do more to promote economic development), and his governors reports were outspoken, but he appears to have parted on good terms. His next appointment was in 1931, as Governor of the Falkland Islands, but he retired in 1934 due to ill-health. He died later that year, aged 68. TriviaIn 1910, O'Grady and three other MPs, along with Professor Stanley Poole, formally nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize the Polish physician L. L. Zamenhof, inventor of Esperanto.[4] Notes1. ^There were many mergers of unions in that period, and craft- and area-based unions merged to form national, industry-based unions, and the union names listed in the available sources do not entirely correspond to the list of furniture unions at http://www.wcml.org.uk/tu/furnish.htm. 2. ^1 Time Magazine, 24 February 1924 3. ^Australian States 4. ^Nobel Prize nomination database References
External links
| years = 1906 – 1918}}{{s-non| reason = Constituency abolished}}{{s-new|constituency}}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Leeds South East | years = 1918 – 1924}}{{s-aft| after = Henry Slesser}}{{s-npo|union}}{{succession box|title=President of the Trades Union Congress|years=1898|before=J. V. Stevens|after=W. J. Vernon}}{{succession box|title=Trades Union Congress representative to the American Federation of Labour|years=1903|with=William Mullin|before=Matthew Arrandale and Enoch Edwards|after=William Abraham and James Wignall}}{{succession box|title=Chairman of the General Federation of Trade Unions|years=1912 – 1918|before=Allan Gee|after=Thomas Mallalieu}}{{s-gov}}{{succession box | title = Governor of Tasmania | years = 1924–1930 | before = Sir William Allardyce | after = Sir Ernest Clark }}{{succession box | title = Governor of the Falkland Islands | years = 1931–1934 | before = Sir Arnold Weinholt Hodson | after = Sir Herbert Henniker-Heaton }}{{S-end}}{{Governors of Tasmania}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogrady, James}} 19 : 1866 births|1934 deaths|People from Bristol|General secretaries of British trade unions|Presidents of the General Federation of Trade Unions (UK)|Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|British people of Irish descent|UK MPs 1906–10|UK MPs 1910|UK MPs 1910–18|UK MPs 1918–22|UK MPs 1922–23|UK MPs 1923–24|Governors of Tasmania|Governors of the Falkland Islands|Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George|British Roman Catholics|Presidents of the Trades Union Congress|Cabinetmakers |
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