| 词条 | James Rhyne Killian |
| 释义 |
|name = James Killian |office = Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board |president = John F. Kennedy Lyndon Johnson |term_start = May 4, 1961 |term_end = April 23, 1963 |predecessor = John Hull |successor = Clark Clifford |president1 = Dwight Eisenhower |term_start1 = January 13, 1956 |term_end1 = March 1, 1958 |predecessor1 = Position established |successor1 = John Hull |order2 = 10th |title2 = President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology [1] |term_start2 = 1948 |term_end2 = 1959 |predecessor2 = Karl Compton |successor2 = Julius Stratton |birth_date = {{birth date|1904|7|24}} |birth_place = Blacksburg, South Carolina, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|1988|1|29|1904|7|24}} |death_place = Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. |education = Massachusetts Institute of Technology {{small|(BS)}} |awards = Vannevar Bush Award {{small|(1980)}} | module = | academic_advisors = | influences = | era = | discipline = Business Administration | sub_discipline = | workplaces = Massachusetts Institute of Technology | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | main_interests = | notable_works = | notable_ideas = | influenced = }}James Rhyne Killian Jr. (July 24, 1904 – January 29, 1988) was the 10th president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from 1948 until 1959.[2] Early lifeKillian was born on July 24, 1904, in Blacksburg, South Carolina. His father was a textile maker. He attended The McCallie School in Chattanooga, TN [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/31/obituaries/james-killian-83-science-adviser-dies.html] later studied at Duke University (formerly Trinity University) for two years until he transferred to MIT, where he received a Bachelor of Business Administration and engineering administrationin 1926.[3] While there, he was a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity. CareerIn 1932, while serving as the editor of MIT's alumni magazine Technology Review, Killian was instrumental in the founding of Technology Press, the publishing imprint that would later become the institute's independent publishing house, MIT Press. He became executive assistant to MIT President Karl Taylor Comptonin 1939, and co-directed the wartime operation of MIT, which strongly supported military research and development. He was from 1948 until 1959 the 10th president of MIT. In 1956, James R. Killian Jr was named as the 1st Chair to the new President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board by the Eisenhower Administration; a position which he held until April 1963. On leave from MIT he served as Special Assistant for Science and Technology to President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1957 to 1959, making him the first true Presidential Science Advisor. Killian headed the Killian Committee and oversaw the creation of the President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) shortly after the launches of the Soviet artificial satellites, Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2, in October and November 1957. PSAC was instrumental in initiating national curriculum reforms in science and technology and in establishing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In 1956 Killian was awarded the Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.[4] He co-authored a book, The Education of a College President (1985),{{ISBN missing}} which serves as an autobiography as well. After stepping down as president of MIT in 1959, he served as chairman of the MIT Corporation from 1959 until 1971. DeathKillian died on January 29, 1988, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[3] LegacyTwo locations on MIT's campus bear the name Killian: Killian Court, a tree-lined courtyard with views of MIT's Great Dome, and Killian Hall, a concert hall (actually named after Killian's wife, Elizabeth Parks Killian, a Wellesley College alumna). References1. ^[https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/institute/offices/office-of-the-mit-president/james-rhyne-killian-1904-1988/ James Rhyne Killian, 1904-1988] 2. ^[https://www.ranker.com/review/james-rhyne-killian/1263915 James Rhyne Killian] 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-01-31/news/mn-39551_1_james-killian|title=Obituaries : James Killian; Educator, Adviser to Two Presidents|last=Stein|first=George|date=January 31, 1988|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=March 26, 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Public Welfare Award |url=http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_pwm |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |accessdate=17 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229180311/http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_pwm |archivedate=29 December 2010 |df= }} Further reading
External links
|-{{s-gov}}{{s-new|office}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board|years=1956–1958}}{{s-aft|after=John Hull}} |-{{s-bef|before=John Hull}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board|years=1961–1963}}{{s-aft|after=Clark Clifford}}{{s-end}}{{MIT presidents}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Killian, James Rhyne}} 12 : 1904 births|1988 deaths|Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni|MIT Sloan School of Management alumni|Recipients of awards from the United States National Academy of Sciences|Office of Science and Technology Policy officials|Peabody Award winners|Presidents of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology|United States Army Science Board people|American scientists|Duke University alumni|People from Blacksburg, South Carolina |
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